REKONSTRUKSI BIROKRASI PERADILAN PIDANA BERBASIS PELAYANAN PUBLIK UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN

Abstract

Peranan birokrasi peradilan pidana di pengadilan penting untuk mewujudkan keadilan substansial karena yang menentukan terdakwa bersalah dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Selain itu untuk terwujudnya kepentingan hukum pencari keadilan diwakilkan sepenuhnya kepada aparat penegak hukum. Namun saat ini ada penolakan terhadap eksistensi birokrasi peradilan pidana disebabkan penyelesaian perkara berlarut-larut, pelayanan tertutup, kinerja pejabat peradilan rendah dan praktik litigasi yang disesuaikan dengan kepentingan pejabat peradilan dan/atau lembaga pengadilan. Pengadilan sebagai lembaga penyelenggara pelayanan publik harus mengubah dari perannya sebagai corong undang-undang kepada pengadilan yang mewakili dan melayani kepentingan masyarakat. Permasalahannya: (1) Mengapa birokrasi peradilan pidana belum dapat mewujudkan keadilan berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa; (2) Bagaimana hak-hak pencari keadilan dalam praktik birokrasi peradilan pidana; (3) Bagaimana konstruksi ideal birokrasi peradilan pidana yang berbasis pelayanan publik untuk mewujudkan keadilan. Metode penelitian berparadigma konstruktivisme dengan pendekatan socio-legal research. Untuk menangkap makna-makna simbolik dilakukan pendekatan hermeneutik dan dialektikal. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan pengamatan. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif. Interpretasi data menggunakan teknik siklus polibios, sedangkan pemeriksaan keabsahan data melalui “ketekunan pengamatan” dan “tringulasi”. Hasil penelitian yaitu: (1) Keadilan substansial belum dapat terwujud dikarenakan praktik birokrasi peradilan pidana merupakan hasil konstruksi pejabat peradilan ditunjang beberapa faktor penyebab; (2) Hak-hak pencari keadilan dikesampingkan oleh pejabat peradilan disebabkan beberapa faktor penyebab; (3) rekonstruksi birokrasi peradilan pidana berbasis pelayanan publik meliputi aspek substansi yakni melakukan penyempurnaan ketentuan hukum acara persidangan perkara pidana, aspek struktur yakni melakukan penataan kembali kewenangan pengadilan negeri, sedangkan aspek kultur yakni membangun budaya hukum bersifat progresif di kalangan pejabat peradilan pidana. Studi ini berimplikasi secara teoritis, menguatkan dan meneguhkan prinsip-prinsip persidangan bahwa kedudukan pencari keadilan adalah sama dengan kedudukan aparat penegak hukum sehingga harus mendapat pelayanan prima dan sepenuh hati. Sedangkan secara praktis, sebagai acuan untuk merekonstruksi birokrasi peradilan pidana di lingkungan Badan Peradilan Umum. Kata Kunci: Birokrasi, peradilan pidana, keadilan substansial, pelayanan publik. The role of bureaucracy in the court of criminal justice is important to realize substantial justice because that determines the defendant is guilty and accountable. In addition to the establishment of the legal interests of seeking justice fully delegated to law enforcement. But now there is a rejection of the existence of the criminal justice bureaucracy caused protracted settlement, covered services, the performance of judicial officers is low and litigation practices are tailored to the interests of justice officials and / or the courts. Court as an institution of public service providers have to change from his role as the mouthpiece of the law to the court that represent and serve the public interest. The problem: (1) Why can not the criminal justice bureaucracy of justice based on Belief in God Almighty, (2) How can the rights of the practice of seeking justice in the criminal justice bureaucracy, (3) How criminal justice bureaucracy ideal construction based public services to bring about justice . Paradigmatic research methods socio-constructivist approach to legal research. To capture the symbolic meanings carried hermeneutic and dialectical approach. Collecting data through interviews and observations. Analysis of data using an interactive model. Interpretation of data using techniques polibios cycle, while checking the validity of data through the "persistence of observation" and "tringulasi". The results are: (1) substantial justice can not be realized due to the bureaucratic practices of criminal justice is a judicial officer of a construction supported several factors, (2) the search rights of justice set aside by the judicial authorities due to several factors, (3) reconstruction of the judicial bureaucracy based criminal aspects of public service include the substance of the law to improve the show trial of criminal cases, the structural aspects of the realignment of authority to the district court, while the cultural aspect of building a progressive legal culture among criminal justice officials. This study has implications theoretically, to be strengthened with the principles of justice trial that the search is the same position with the position that law enforcement officials have received excellent service and heartfelt. While in practice, as a reference for reconstructing the bureaucracy of the criminal justice agency within the General Court. Keywords: Bureaucracy, Criminal Justice, Substantial Justice, The Public Service.