WUJOSO, HARI (2011) REKONSTRUKSI PEMAKNAAN TINDAK TERMINASI KEHAMILAN OLEH DOKTER BERBASIS KEADILAN (Kajian Hermeneutika dan Medikolegal). PhD thesis, Program Pascasarjana Undip.
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Abstract
Studi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh realitas empirik kasus-kasus terminasi kehamilan yang terjadi di Indonesia. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa tindak terminasi kehamilan merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian ibu. Hal mana Angka Kematian Ibu di Indonesia adalah masih termasuk tinggi di ASEAN. Dokter memiliki keengganan untuk melakukan tindak terminasi kehamilan karena ketakutan akan adanya sanksi hukum dan keterikatannya dengan Kode Etika kedokteran juga sumpah dokter. Permasalahan penelitian adalah: (i). Bagaimanakah pemaknaan terminasi kehamilan oleh dokter dan pasien? (ii). Mengapa pemaknaan terminasi kehamilan dokter belum mewujudkan akuntabilitas dokter yang berkeadilan substansial? (iii). Bagaimana merekonstruksi pemaknaan terminasi kehamilan dari dokter untuk konsep perlindungan hak perempuan pada tindak terminasi kehamilan guna mewujudkan akuntabilitas dokter menuju keadilan substansial dalam melakukan tindak terminasi kehamilan? Metode penelitian. Studi ini tergolong dalam tradisi penelitian hukum non- doktrinal dengan pendekatan sosio-medikolegal. Latar belakang sosial studi adalah pelayanan kesehatan tindak terminasi kehamilan dengan subjek penelitian dokter yang didukung sebagai informan dan nara sumber. Data dihimpun dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Data dianalisis mengikuti model interaktif dari Mattew B.Miles dan A.Michael Haberman. Validasi data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian: 1) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pemaknaan atas tindak terminasi kehamilan antara dokter dengan pasien. Ada dua karakteristik pemaknaan dokter tentang terminasi kehamilan yaitu pemaknaan sempit dan luas. 2) Dokter mengambil pemaknaan sempit yang belum memberikan konsep makna yang berkeadilan substansial pada perempuan hamil yang memerlukan tindakan terminasi kehamilan, sedangkan pemaknaan luas mengacu pada penafsiran kontekstual yaitu penafsiran yang di samping mendasarkan pada teks juga memperhatikan konteks situasi yang melingkupi peristiwa tersebut sebagaimana yang diatur dalam UU Kesehatan Pasal 75 dan 76. 3) rekonstruksi pemaknaan diarahkan bagi dokter untuk dapat mengambil pemaknaan luas Rekomendasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya kehadiran hukum progresif dan paradigma etikolegal sebagai dasar rekonstruksi pemaknaan tindak terminasi kehamilan oleh dokter, yang meliputi: rekomendasi untuk sosialisasi peraturan perundang-undangan tindakan terminasi; meningkatkan kewaspadaan dokter dan polisi untuk kasus tindak terminasi kehamilan, karena kasus terminasi kehamilan terjadi karena adanya dorongan dari perempuan yang tidak sehat secara holistik. Kata-kata Kunci: rekonstruksi pemaknaan, terminasi kehamilan, hukum progresif, hermeneutika, medikolegal, hukum kedokteran, dokter. Background: The background of this study is the empirical reality of the pregnancy termination cases that occur in Indonesia. Fact shows that the act of pregnancy termination is one of the factors to the maternal mortality in which the Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still regarded as high among the South East Asian countries. The doctors are reluctant to conduct the pregnancy termination due to their fear of legal sanction and their commitment to the Medical Code of Conduct as well as the medical doctor oath. Objective: The objectives of this research are to investigate: (1) how the doctors and the patients signify the pregnancy termination; (2) why the signification of pregnancy termination given by the doctors has not been able to bring the doctors‟ accountability with the substantial justice into reality; and (3) how to reconstruct the signification of pregnancy termination given by the doctors to achieve the protective rights of women in the act of pregnancy termination in such a way that the doctors‟ accountability with the substantial justice can be brought into reality in conducting the pregnancy termination. Method: This research is a non-doctrinal legal research and used the socio-medicolegal approach. The samples of this research were the medical doctors. The data of this research were gathered through interview, observation, and documents. The data were then analyzed by using Mattew B. Miles‟ and A. Michael Haberman‟s interactive analysis technique and validated by using the data source and the method triangulations. Result: Based on the analysis, the results of this research are as follows: (1) there is a difference in the signification on the act of pregnancy termination given by the doctors and that given by the patients; (2) there is a narrow signification given by the doctors in such a way that it has not been able to bring the concept of substantial justice into the act of pregnancy termination for pregnant women who need such an act whereas the broad signification refers to the contextual interpretation, which is the interpretation that takes the situation context encompassing the act into account, in addition to text as regulated by the Articles 75 and 76 of the Law on Health; and (3) the signification reconstruction is directed toward the doctors in order for them to be able to give broad signification. Recommendation: The importance of the presence of progressive law and the ethicolegal paradigm are recommended as the foundations for the signification reconstruction on the act of pregnancy termination given by the doctors. The two recommendations include incorporating the criteria of abortion related to the concepts of fetus and embryo into The Book of Criminal Law, improving the alertness of the doctors and the police against the case of the act of pregnancy termination since such a case can occur due to the presence of impulse of a woman with unholistic health. Keywords: signification reconstruction, pregnancy termination, progressive law, medical law, and doctors
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
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Subjects: | K Law > KZ Law of Nations |
Divisions: | School of Postgraduate (mixed) > Doctor Program in Law |
ID Code: | 40870 |
Deposited By: | INVALID USER |
Deposited On: | 02 Dec 2013 11:26 |
Last Modified: | 02 Dec 2013 11:26 |
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