ANALISIS ASPEK BIOEKOLOGI, SOSEKBUD, HUKUM DAN KELEMBAGAAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA SIPUT LOLA (Trochus niloticus,Linn) DI PESISIR PULAU SAPARUA, KECAMATAN SAPARUA, KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH PROVINSI MALUKU

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Januari – Desember 2010 (selama 12 bulan) di 8 titik pengamatan di Pulau Saparua. Tujuan Penelitian untuk: 1) mengetahui, menganalisis dan mengkaji kondisi bioekologi populasi siput lola (T.niloticus), dan terumbu karang di perairan Pesisir, Pulau Saparua; 2) menganalisis, dan mengkaji kondisi sosekbud masyarakat di dalam pemanfaatan atau pengelolaan sumberdaya siput lola di Perairan Pesisir Pulau Saparua; 3) mengevaluasi dan mengkaji sistem hukum atau kebijakan pengelolaan sumberdaya siput lola (T.niloticus) yang telah digunakan selama ini di Pulau Saparua; 4) menganalisis dan mengevaluasi sampai sejauh mana peran kelembagaan pemerintah dan kelembagaan adat, yang berkompoten di dalam mendukung upaya Pengelolaan siput lola; 5) merancang model pengelolaan sumberdaya siput lola. Pengumpulan data biologi siput lola melalui modifikasi metode Reef Chek Bentos (RCB).Data ekologi habitat (terumbu karang) diukur menggunakan kombinasi metode Reef Resources Inventory (RRI) dan Line intercept Transect (LIT). Parameter fisik kimia diukur langsung di lapangan. Data sosekbud, hukum dan kelembagaan dikumpulkan menggunakan metode Semi Structured Interviewing (SSI). Data biologi yang dikumpulkan dianalisis kepadatan; potensi dan tingkat pemanfaatan; produksi tahunan siput lola digunakan data sekunder; pertumbuhan, umur, rekruitmen dan mortalitas siput lola menggunakan software FiSAT II versi 1.1,2. Kondisi terumbu karang dianalisis persen tutupan karang, dan indeks-indeks ekologi.Selanjutnya analisis aspek sosekbud, hukum dan kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan siput lola digunakan analisis kuantitatif diskriptif. Selanjutnya, untuk merancang model dinamik pengelolaan sumberdaya siput lola digunakan PowerSim versi 2,5c. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kepadatan siput lola berkisar antara 4 – 422 ind./ha, diameter cangkang berkisar antara 2,20 – 11,21 cm. Potensi siput lola adalah sebesar 1,63 ton/Km2, MSY sebesar 0,82 ton/tahun dan JTB sebesar 0,65 ton/tahun. Persamaan pertumbuhan siput lola adalah Lt = 12,75 [1 – e-0,31(t-0,2421)], umur maksimum 10 tahun dengan panjang maksimum yang dapat dicapai 12,11 cm. Mortalitas total = 2,03±0,05, mortalitas alami =1,08, mortalitas karena penangkapan =0,95 dan rasio penangkapan = 0,47. Rekruitmen siput lola terjadi setiap bulan dengan puncaknya pada bulan Juni (17,30 %) dan Juli (17,45%). Jumlah spesies karang batu yang ditemukan di pulau Saparua yaitu 97 spesies dengan status kondisi karang berkisar dari kondisi buruk/rusak sampai kondisi sangat baik. Hasil analisis sosekbud menjelaskan bahwa sebagian masyarakat ternyata belum memahami secara benar apa pentingnya jika sumberdaya itu dikelola atau dilindungi. Selain itu kinerja hukum dan lembaga belum optimal di dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam, khususnya siput lola. Berdasarkan data dan informasi aspek bioekologi, sosekbud, hukum dan kelembagaan, maka model pengelolaan siput lola dirancang dengan basis pada dua sub model yaitu sub model bioekologi dan sub model bioekologi, sosekbud, hukum dan kelembagaan. Kata Kunci: Siput lola, terumbu karang, sosekbud, hukum, kelembagaan, model pengelolaan The study was conduct at January to December 2010 (12 months) at Saparua Island with 8 (eight) observation sites. The objectives of this research are: 1) to understand, analyze, and to overview bioecology condition of top shell population T. niloticus and coral community at eastern coastal area of Saparua Island; 2) to analyze and overview socio-cultural condition of local community utilization and/or management of top shell in coastal waters of Saparua; 3) to evaluate and overview law system or policy in the management of top shell snail conducted by the community in Saparua; 4) to analyze and evaluate how far the role of government body and local institutional competency in supporting the management of top shell snail, and 5) to design natural resources management model. Modified Reef Chek Bentos (RCB) method was used for top shell snail biological data collection, Combination of Reef Resources Inventory (RRI) and Line intercept Transect (LIT) method were used to retrieve coral reefs habitat data. Physical and chemical parameters were measured in situ. Socio-cultural, law and institutional data were collected using Semi Structured Interviewing (SSI) methodology. The biology data collected were then used to analyze density, potency and level of utilization; secondary data were used to collect data on annual production of top shell snail. Fisat II version 1.1.2 soft ware was used to analyze the growth, age, recruitment and mortality of top shell snail. Percent life coral coverage and ecological indices were used to assess the condition and diversity of coral reefs respectively. Furthermore, quantitative descriptive analysis was applied to analyze the aspect of sosciocultural, law and institutional in top shell snail management. Finally for dynamic model designing in the management of top shell snail, soft ware of PowerSim Version 2.5c was used. The observation showed that top shell snail density range from 4 – 422 individual ha-1with the shell diameter varies between 2.20 – 11.21 cm. Total potency of top shell snail was 1.63 ton km-2 with the MSY of 0.82 ton year-1 and TAC of 0.65 ton year-1. Equation of snail growth is Lt = 12,75 [1 – e-0,31(t-0,2421)], maximum age 10 years olds with maximum length reachable 12,11 cm. Total mortality was 2.03±0.05, natural mortality was 1.08 and fishing mortality was 0.47. Top shell snail recruitment on every month with the peak at June (17.30%) and July (17.45%). The number of stony coral species was 97 with the coral reef health status varies between bad to excellent. Socio-economic and cultural study revealed that the community understanding on the needs of natural resources management and conservation principles is very limited. It was found also that law and institutional performance is not optimal enough especially in the management of top shell. Based on aspects of bioecology, sosciocultural, and institutional information it was suggested that top shell management model should be based on two sub-models i.e. bioecology sub-model and bioecology, sosciocultural, law and institutional sub-model. Key word: Top shell snail, coral reefs, soscio-economic and cultural, law and institutional, management model