Model dan Strategi Optimasi Pengelolaan Tambak Wanamina Berwawasan Lingkungan di Pesisir Semarang

Abstract

ABSTRAK RINI BUDIHASTUTI. L5K008011. MODEL dan STRATEGI OPTIMASI PENGELOLAAN TAMBAK WANAMINA BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN di PESISIR SEMARANG. (SUTRISNO ANGGORO dan SURADI W. SAPUTRA) Tingginya tingkat kerusakan di wilayah pesisir, secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berdampak terhadap keberlanjutan kegiatan budidaya ikan. Solusi yang cukup efektif untuk diterapkan dalam menjaga keberlanjutan budidaya serta memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan pesisir adalah dengan penerapan tambak wanamina. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis model optimasi pengelolaan wanamina, mengkaji model wanamina yang paling optimal, mengkaji pengaruh budidaya dengan sistem wanamina terhadap kualitas lingkungan tambak, serta merumuskan strategi optimasi pengelolaan tambak wanamina di wilayah pesisir Kota Semarang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap persepsi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan wanamina, produktivitas budidaya melalui uji coba, serta pengaruh wanamina terhadap kualitas lingkungan tambak. Metode analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis SEM, ANOVA, serta analisis kualitatif dan chi-square. Uji coba budidaya melibatkan 2 faktor yaitu jenis vegetasi dan sistem budidaya. Vegetasi yang digunakan adalah Rhizophora dan Avicennia serta pada kontrol tidak terdapat vegetasi. Sedangkan sistem budidaya yang diterapkan yaitu monokultur dan polikultur. Kultivan yang digunakan yaitu ikan Bandeng dan ikan Nila. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Optimasi Pengelolaan Wanamina secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh variabel Budidaya Tambak dan Tata Kelola Tambak dengan persamaan OW = 0,610+ 0,473.BT + 0,449.TK, sedangkan variabel Budidaya Ikan Berwawasan Lingkungan secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh variabel Vegetasi Mangrove dengan persamaan BL = 0,096 + 0,214.VM. Uji coba budidaya menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata antar perlakuan. Pertumbuhan ikan pada tambak bervegetasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tambak tak bervegetasi. Vegetasi yang paling cocok untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ikan adalah Avicennia. Adanya vegetasi juga memberikan dampak yang nyata terhadap kondisi fisika, kimia dan biologi lingkungan. Kondisi kualitas lingkungan pada tambak bervegetasi relatif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tambak yang tidak bervegetasi. Model budidaya tambak wanamina (silvofishery brackishwater pond) pola empang parit lebih diminati masyarakat dan dengan kombinasi kultivan ikan Bandeng dan/atau Nila mampu menghasilkan produksi biomassa terbaik tanpa merusak lingkungan pesisir. Strategi optimasi pengelolaan wanamina yaitu dengan revitalisasi budidaya di wilayah pesisir dan tata kelola tambak yang rasional. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas budidaya perairan di Kota Semarang, perlu diterapkan budidaya sistem wanamina dengan kombinasi jenis mangrove Avicennia dan kultivan Bandeng atau Nila sistem monokultur. Kata-kata kunci: tambak wanamina, model dan strategi, vegetasi, ikan, lingkungan ABSTRACT RINI BUDIHASTUTI. L5K008011. MODEL and SRATEGY on the OPTIMATION of ENVIRONMENT BASED SILVOFISHERY POND MANAGEMENT in SEMARANG COASTAL AREA. (SUTRISNO ANGGORO and SURADI W. SAPUTRA) Coastal area experienced a high level degradation and indirectly impact of the sustainability of aquaculture. The application of silvofishery pond system was considered as an effective solution to maintain the sustainability of aquaculture as well as to repair the quality of environment along the coastal area. The objectives of this research was to analyze model of silvofishery management optimization, to study the optimized silvofishery model, to study the impact of silvofishery to the environment quality of the pond, and to formulate the strategy on the optimization of silvofishery management in Semarang. Data collection was including the perception of aquaculturists concerning silvofishery management, productivity of silviculture through experiment, and the impact of silvofishery to the quality of pond environment. Data analysis used were SEM analysis, ANOVA for culture experiment, while analysis of the impact of silvofishery to the environment quality was conducted with qualitative analysis and Chi-Square. Culture experiment conducted 2 factors, including vegetation and aquaculture system. Vegetation utilized in the experiment was Rhizophora and Avicennia, and control plot where no vegetation was available within the plot. Aquaculture system conducted was monoculture and polyculture. Culture species was including Milkfish and Tilapia fish. The research showed that Silvofishery Management Optimization variable was significantly affected by Pond Culture and Management Governance variables with structural equation of OW = 0,610 + 0,473.BT + 0,449.TK, while the Environmentally Concerned Fish Culture variable was significantly effected by Mangrove Vegetation variable with structural equation of BL = 0,096 + 0,214.VM. Culture experiment showed there was significant difference among culture treatments. Fish growth in the vegetated plot was higher than in non vegetated plot. The most suitable vegetation to support the fish growth was Avicennia. The existence of vegetation was also significantly impacting the condition of physical, chemical and biological parameters within the pond. The condition of environment parameters within the vegetated pond was better than in non vegetated one. Model of brackishwater silvofishery pond with "empang parit" pattern were more applicable by the aquaculturist by the combination of Milkfish and/or Tilapia cultivation which resulted best biomass production without impacting the environment. Strategy on the optimization of silvofishery management was revitalization of aquaculture and the emphasise of pond management governance concerning the aquaculture control, especially related to silvofishery. To improve the productivity of aquaculture production in Semarang, especially silvofishery pond system needs to apply the occupying Avicennia and cultivation of Milkfish and Tilapia monoculture system. Keywords: silvofishery pond, model and strategy, vegetation, fish, environment