PERBEDAAN EFEK PAPARAN DIVINE KRETEK DAN KRETEK BIASA TERHADAP INDEKS APOPTOSIS DAN PERUBAHAN HISTOPATOLOGI PADA KARSINOGENESIS NASOFARING MENCIT C3H YANG DIINDUKSI FORMALDEHYDE

Abstract

Background: Nanobiology has considerable potential for the treatment of cancer. One product that uses the principle of nanobiology in Indonesia is divine cigarette. Divine cigarette is healthy cigarette contains complex nanostructures that can conduct electrons up to the level of millivolts. Divine cigarettes’s nanostructures can give energy and electrons in the diseased cells to promote self-improvement into healthy cells and to optimize themselves. Aim: This study was aimed to prove and compare curative and preventive potency of divine cigarette in nasopharyngeal cancer (based on apoptotic index and histopathological changes) on C3H mice. Methods: This was a laboratory study with post test only controlled group design, using 32 C3H mice as sample, divided into four groups; Control group 1 (K1)was exposed to formaline, and smoke of standard cigarette for 18 weeks; Control group 2 (K2) was exposed to formaline for nine weeks then followed with exposure of standard cigarette smoke for nine weeks; Treatment P1 group was exposed to formaline, and smoke of divine cigarette for 18 weeks; Treatment P2 group was exposed to formaline for nine weeks then followed with exposure of standard cigarette smoke for nine weeks. In the end of the research, nasopharyng tissue was processed and examined to determine the apoptotic index and the histopathological changes. Result: The Kruskal-Wallis test for nasopharyngeal epithelium histopathology score variables in the treatment group obtained (p = 0.041) or significantly different (p <0.05). The Mann-Whitney test between groups K1 and P1 (p = 0.014) or significant; group K2 and P2 (p = 0.513) or was not different; P1 and P2 (p = 1) were also not different. Conclusion: The divine cigarette exposure that given during and after formaldehyde induction effected significantly on improvement of the histopathological score of C3H mice. The preventive effect of divine cigarette was stronger than currative one. Keywords: Divine cigarette, formaline, apoptotic index, histopathological changes.