Analisis Pemberian Tablet Besi (Fe) Ibu Hamil oleh Bidan Puskesmas di Kota Semarang Tahun 2011

Abstract

Universitas Diponegoro Program Pascasarjana Program Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Konsentrasi Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan Minat Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2011 ABSTRAK Umaroh Analisis Pemberian Tablet Besi (Fe) Ibu Hamil oleh Bidan Puskesmas di Kota Semarang Tahun 2011 xii + 109 halaman + 25 tabel + 3 gambar + 11 lampiran Pemberian tablet besi (Fe) pada ibu hamil merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk menurunkan tingginya anemia kehamilan sehingga beresiko persalinan dapat berkurang. Pada kenyataannya pemberian tablet besi (Fe) belum dilaksanakan sesuai standar. Hasil cakupan pemberian tablet besi (Fe) ibu hamil tinggi, namun anemia kehamilan masih cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pemberian tablet besi (Fe) ibu hamil oleh bidan puskesmas di wilayah Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan metode kualitatif yang disajikan secara deskriptif melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Informan utama adalah empat bidan puskesmas yang memberikan pelayanan tablet besi (Fe), Informan triangulasi adalah ibu hamil yang menjadi klien. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara mendalam dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisa data dengan metode content analisis Hasil penelitian menunjukkan belum semua Puskesmas memiliki panduan pemberian tablet besi (Fe). Pengkajian data anemia ibu hamil masih dilakukan secara umum pemeriksaan kehamilan. Pemberian dosis tablet besi (Fe) ibu hamil belum sesuai standar yaitu untuk ibu hamil tidak anemia dan anemia ringan, dosis satu kali per hari, anemia sedang masih bervariasi dengan standar dua sampai tiga kali per hari, dasar kadar Hb berbeda. Dua bidan mengunakan kadar Hb kurang dari 10 g% dua lainnya 8 g%. Konseling pemberian tablet besi (Fe), semua bidan belum menyampaikan secara lengkap, kecuali dosis. Pengelolaan anemia belum sesuai standar. Semua bidan belum melakukan evaluasi minum tablet besi (Fe) ibu hamil secara lengkap. Pencatatan pelaporan meliputi jumlah yang diberikan kepada ibu hamil. Berdasarkan penelitian kesimpulan pengkajian ibu hamil anemia sama dengan pemeriksaan ibu hamil normal, pemberian dosis, konseling, pengelolaan, pencatatan pelaporan evaluasi proses minum tablet besi (Fe) belum sesuai panduan, disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang agar melakukan monitoring ketersediaan standar pemberian tablet Fe di seluruh puskesmas Kota Semarang, monitoring pelaksanaan panduan pemberian tablet besi (Fe) ibu hamil, penggunaan tablet Fe dengan efek mual kecil, program pencatatan pelaporan berdasarkan perkembangan ibu hamil anemia. Saran kepada bidan puskesmas agar pemberian dosis sesuai standar, konseling, evaluasi hendaknya dilakukan, pencatatan pelaporan jumlah dan perkembangan ibu hamil. Kata kunci : Tablet besi (Fe), ibu hamil, anemia, Bidan Jumlah pustaka : 39 (1995 - 2010) Diponegoro University Postgraduate Program Master’s Program in Public Health Majoring in Health Policy Administration Sub Majoring in Maternal and Child Health Management 2011 ABSTRACT Umaroh Analysis on Iron-Folate Suplementation to Pregnant Women by Primary Healthcare Centers Midwives in Semarang City, 2011 xii + 109 pages + 25 tables + 3 figures + 11 enclosures Distribution of Iron (Fe) tablets to pregnant women was a government effort to decrease the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy and to lessen delivery risk. In reality, distribution of iron tablets was not done according to the standard. The iron tablet distribution coverage was high but the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy was still high. The objective of this study was to analyze distribution of iron tablets to pregnant women by primary healthcare center (puskesmas) midwives in the coverage area of Semarang city health office. This was an observational study with qualitative method. Data was collected through in-depth interview and observation. The main informants were 4 puskesmas midwives who distributed iron tablets. Triangulation informants were pregnant women who were the clients of midwives. Data was analyzed using content analysis method. Results of the study showed that not all puskesmas had guidelines for iron tablets distribution. Analysis data on pregnant women anemia was done, in general, by using antenatal examination data. Distribution of iron tablets to pregnant women had not done according the standard. The dose for pregnant women with no anemia and mild anemia was once a day, for moderate anemia the doze was variety with the standard of two to three times a day. Two midwives used Hb concentration of 10 g% or lower for anemia and the other two midwives used 8 g% or lower. All midwives had not given complete information except the dose when they gave counseling regarding distribution of iron tablets. Management of anemia had not done according to the standard. All midwives had not done completely evaluation on iron tablets distribution to pregnant women. Reporting and recording included the number of iron tablets given to pregnant women. In conclusion, study on the pregnant women anemia was similar to examination on the normal pregnant women. Dose measurement, counseling, management, reporting and recording of iron tablets distribution process had not done according to the guideline. It was suggested to Semarang city health office to monitor the availability of iron tablet distribution standard guideline in all puskesmas in Semarang city; to monitor the implementation of the standard guideline on Iron tablets distribution to pregnant women, taking iron tablets with low nausea effect, reporting and recording program based on the condition of pregnant women anemia. It was suggested to puskesmas midwives to give the dose for iron tablets according to the standard, to perform counseling and evaluation, to record and report the number and pregnancy condition of pregnant women. Key words : Iron tablets (Fe), Pregnant women anemia, midwives Bibliography : 39 (1995 – 2010)