FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP STATUS KOGNITIF PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE-2 LANJUT USIA

Abstract

Background: Prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia contributes to the cognitive decline in elderly diabetics. Recognition influencing factors is necessary to maintain good/normal cognitive status. This study aimed to identify factors that influence the cognitive status of older diabetics. Methods: This research design is cross sectional and involved 57 elderly diabetics who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria at the outpatient clinic of Geriatric Installation RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang during April to July 2011. Data on age, last education, long suffered from diabetes mellitus, and cognitive status were collected by interviews with the questionnaire. Assessment of cognitive status was done with questionnaire Mini Mental State Examination. Data on the status of blood glucose control, treatment, and complications were collected by recording information from medical records. The data described in the form of tables and figures, as well as the appropriate correlation test performed using a computer program. Results: This research was getting 48 subjects with normal cognitive status, 5 subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and 4 subjects with moderate cognitive impairment. Age have a significant effect on cognitive status with Spearman correlation test (p = 0.003; r = 0.384). Meanwhile, educational status, (p = 0202; r = 0171), long suffered from diabetes mellitus (p = 0136; r = 0.20), and blood glucose control status (p = 1.00; r = 0.00) have no effect on cognitive status. Treatment of diabetes mellitus have no effect on the cognitive status with Lambda correlation test (r = 0.02, p = 0714). Complications of diabetes mellitus did not affect to the cognitive status with Contingency Coefficient correlative test (p = 0255; r = 0214). Conclusion: Age is a factor affecting the cognitive status of elderly diabetics. Educational background, long suffering from diabetes mellitus, blood glucose control, treatment of diabetes mellitus, and complications do not effect on cognitive status of elderly diabetics.