PENGARUH TERAPI KOMBINASI KLOROKUIN-NIGELLA SATIVA TERHADAP PARASITEMIA PADA MENCIT BALB/C YANG DIINFEKSI PLASMODIUM BERGHEI

Abstract

Background Drug resistance to antimalarial medicines emerges and spreads out world wide recently. Even, artimisinin and its derivatives, the main antimalarials of this day, are being threatened resistance. Chloroquine-Nigella sativa is an option of combination therapy, expected as potential therapy in order to prevent resistance on chloroquine and as alternative therapy of uncontrolled artimisinin utilizing. Several studies have shown antimalarial activity of Nigella sativa. Methods The effects of four group experimental treatments on parasitemias were analysed in this study. Those were the administrations of DMSO as negative control, single therapy of chloroquine 5 mg/ kg, single therapy of Nigella sativa 100 µl/ kg and chloroquine-Nigella sativa combination therapy. The effects on parastaemias were screened by 4-day suppressive test. Result Parasitemias profile showed that there was an increasing of parasitemias in DMSO group, while three other groups were not. The inhibition of parasitemias increasing was proved by Mann-Whitney U test. Comparing to the group of DMSO treatment, there were significant effects of chloroquine single therapy (p=0,016), Nigella sativa single therapy (p=0,008) and chloroquine-Nigella sativa combination therapy (p=0,016) on parasitaemias of infected Balb/c mice. Actually, there was no significant difference among chloroquine-Nigella sativa combination therapy with chloroquine single therapy (p=0,841) and with Nigella sativa single therapy (p=0,841). Conclusion Chloroquine-Nigella sativa combination therapy is not better to inhibit the increasing of parasitaemias in infected Balb/c mice than chloroquine single therapy and Nigella sativa single therapy. Without combinated with chloroquine, Nigella sativa single therapy even has kept parasitemias under.