PENGARUH KEBIASAAN MEROKOK TERHADAP RISIKO TIMBULNYA PENYAKIT PARKINSON

Abstract

Background. Despite the well-known hazardous effects of smoking habit, epidemiologic studies consistently find lower risk of Parkinson’s Disease among smokers. This study aims to evaluate the phenomenon with a focus in smoking duration, smoking intensity, and type of cigarette. Methods. This case-control study included 39 Parkinson’s Disease patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang during the years of 2010 – 2011, for each of whom were recruited an age- and gender-matched controls. Smoking history and other potential confounders data for all subjects were collected by in-person questionnaires. Odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each variables was calculated by using multivariate logistic regression model. Furthermore, this method was also used to analyze the relationship among all significant variables and other potential confounders. Results. Compared to never smoking individuals, the multivariate ORs were 0,1 (95% CI = 0,01 – 0,5) for current smokers; 0,3 (95% CI = 0,1 – 0,8 for ever smoking individuals; 0,1 (0,03 – 0,6) for people who smoke >10 cigarettes / day; 0,1 (0,03 – 0,6) for people who smoke >30 years; and 0,3 (95% CI = 0,1 – 1,0) for kretek cigarette smokers. All other categories not mentioned above were considered not significant (p ≥ 0,05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that current smokers was the only significant category (p ≥ 0,05) which affect Parkinson’s Disease status (OR = 0,1; 95% CI = 0,01 – 0,7). Conclusions Ever smoking, longer duration of smoking, more intense smoking, and kretek cigarette smoking individuals have lower risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.