CITY OF BOGOR IN AGE OF CHANGE Colonial City Character Began to Fade

Abstract

Abstract Bogor city formerly named Pakuan, was the capital of Pajajaran kingdom that established in 1482. Bogor is one of the most important inland city in the colonial era, bacause Bogor (formerly Buitenzorg) once served as the capital of the Dutch Indies colonial rule. Many of the physical city artifact built in the colonial period, one of which was the palace of Bogor. Architectural character of the city of Bogor also determined by the application of ethnic settlement zone (Wijkenstelsel) that is Europeanen (Europeans), Vreemde Oosterlingen (Foreign East), and the Inlander (native). After Indonesian independence, the city had gradually lost its central position as in the colonial period. In the year 1976 issued Presidential Instruction on Jabotabek where Bogor city designated as one of the capital buffer (hinterland) and as a dormitory town. The more easy access and short travel time from Jakarta to Bogor cause Bogor become one of the purposes for living. Bogor grew into settlement of the people who work in Jakarta. Commuter phenomenon in the city of Bogor seen from the high number of trips per day to Jakarta by private transportation and public transportation (including train). Currently the city of Bogor is a city that represents the combination of traditional Sundanese culture, colonial culture, and modernity of the metropolis. Physically, the city of Bogor has a lot of heritage that contribute the identity of the city. However, because extending metropolitan phenomenon that is happening right now, the character of the historic city of Bogor is now starting to fade by urban commercial culture pressure. Keywords: Bogor, colonial cities, Jabotabek. 1 Department of Architecture Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Gunadarma University, Jl Akses UI Kelapa Dua Cimanggis, Phone: 021 8719525, Email: agus_dh@staff.gunadarma.ac.id. 2 Doctoral Program of Architecture Engneering and Urbanism Diponegoro University, Jl. Hayam Muruk 5-7 Semarang 50241, Phone 024 8412262, Email: s3archurb_undip@yahoo.com. 3 Doctoral Program of Architecture Engneering and Urbanism Diponegoro University, Jl. Hayam Muruk 5-7 Semarang 50241, Phone 024 8412262, Email: s3archurb_undip@yahoo.com. 4 Doctoral Program of Architecture Engneering and Urbanism Diponegoro University, Jl. Hayam Muruk 5-7 Semarang 50241, Phone 024 8412262, Email: s3archurb_undip@yahoo.com. I. INTRODUCTION Every city, whether traditional or modern, has a different arrangement. The differences reveal how people's lives in different areas as well. Composition of the traditional cities is influenced by several factors limiting the pattern of its structure. Those factors are security and unity, material and technological limitations, limitations of mobility, the rigid social structure, and a rather slow development. These factors determine the arrangement of the old cities. Composition of the modern city is no longer considered to be affected by certain limitations such as the traditional city. All were caused by the infinity of communication and influence on individual or community about new ideas. Unlimited technology and unlimited mobility leads to the expansion and density of the city. This factor becomes the most dominantthing in the arrangement and dynamics of the modern city and this more complicated than a traditional city (Zahnd, 1999). Picture 1. Bogor Palace. Many cities in Indonesia already have a strong city identity as a result of the city development process. In general, big cities in Indonesia experienced almost the same development history. Starting from the traditional town (kingdom), developed in the colonial period, and after the independence in the era of modernization and globalization (Alfian, 2007). A problem faced today is the development of cities in Indonesia became a metropolis whose influence is far-reaching, including the cities and towns in the vicinity (Soetomo, 2009). Since pre-colonial era, colonial era, up to now, the city of Bogor has undergone significant developments that