FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DI KABUPATEN JEPARA

Abstract

Air merupakan kebutuhan mutlak bagi kehidupan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Kebutuhan air dapat diatasi dengan mengembangkan usaha air minum isi ulang. Departemen Kesehatan sudah melakukan pengujian secara laboratorium contoh air hasil pengolahan DAMIU di Jakarta dan diperoleh gambaran cemaran bakteri Coliform berkisar 10 % - 20 %. Idealnya air minum tidak mengandung bakteri patogen, oleh karena itu pengujian bakteriologis air minum isi ulang merupakan upaya untuk mengetahui keamanan air minum sebelum dikonsumsi. Indikator yang digunakan adalah bakteri Coliform dan Fecal coli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi air baku, kondisi peralatan, proses pengolahan, kondisi higiene dan sanitasi depot serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang di Kabupaten Jepara. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode Explanatory Research dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh depot air minum isi ulang yang ada di Kabupaten Jepara sebanyak 46 (empat puluh enam) DAMIU dan sampel yang digunakan adalah 28 sampel. Depot air minum isi ulang menggunakan sumber air baku dari mata air gunung Ungaran sebanyak 4 depot, mata air gunung Muria Kudus 10 depot, sumur artesis 13 depot dan PAM sebanyak 1 depot. Hasil pemeriksaan air baku yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 14,3 % atau 4 depot dan kualitas bakteriologis air minum yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 21,4 % atau 6 depot. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji chi square didapatkan tidak ada hubungan antara kondisi air baku dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang (p value = 0,173 dan RP = 0,231), tidak ada hubungan antara kondisi peralatan dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang (p value = 0,648 dan RP = 2,00), tidak ada hubungan antara proses pengolahan dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang (p value = 0,655 dan RP = 1,733) dan ada hubungan antara kondisi higiene dan sanitasi depot dengan kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang (p value = 0,022 dan RP = 7,727). Inspeksi terhadap depot air minum isi ulang lebih ditingkatkan frekuensinya yaitu rutin memeriksakan air baku setiap tiga bulan sekali dan air yang siap diminum setiap satu bulan sekali. Kata Kunci: Kualitas bakteriologis, air minum isi ulang FACTORS RELATED TO BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF REFILL DRINKING WATER AT JEPARA REGENCY Water is an absolute needs for human being's life and other creatures. The needs of water may be fulfilled by developing refill drinking water business. The Health Department has carried out an experiment in the laboratory following the sample of water as the product of DAMIU at Jakarta and it is known that the Coliform bacteria contained in the water ranges from 10 % - 20 %. Ideally, drinking water doesn't contain pathogen bacteria, therefore the bacteriological experiment upon refill drinking water is an effort to find out the safety of drinking water before being consumed. The Indicator used in the experiment is the Coliform and Fecal coli bacteria. The aim of the research is to identify the condition of standard water, equipments condition, processing activity, hygiene condition and depot sanitation and to analyze some factors with the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water at Jepara Regency. The research is a kind of an Explanatory Research with cross sectional approach. The population of this research is all refill drinking water depots at Jepara Regency it's 46 (fourty six) of DAMIU and sample used in research is 28 samples. Refilled drinking water depot whom used raw water source from Ungaran Mount wellspring were 4 depots, Muria Kudus Mount wellspring were 10 depots, artesian well were 13 depots and PAM was 1 depot. The treatment result of bacteriological examination of raw water indicated 14,3 % or 4 depots was not comply to standard and bacteriological quality or drinking water which not comply to standard was 21,4 % or 6 depots. Then, the data was statistically analyzed using chi square test, and got there no a association between standard water condition with the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water (p value = 0,173 and RP = 0,231), there no a association between equipments condition with the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water (p value = 0,648 and RP = 2,00), there no a association between processing activity with the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water (p value = 0,655 and RP = 1,733) and there was a association between hygiene condition and depots sanitation with bacterilogical quality of refill drinking water ( p value = 0,022 and RP = 7,727). The inspection upon refill drinking water depot should be increased by routinely checking the standard water every three months and drinking water once a month. Keyword : Coliform, Fecal coliBacteriological quality, refill drinking water, Coliform, Fecal coli