HUBUNGAN FAKTOR KONSTRUKSI DAN LINGKUNGAN RUMAH PANGGUNG DENGAN KEJADIAN MALARIA DI MALARIA DI DESA PANDAN JAYA KECAMATAN GERAGAI KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR PROPINSI JAMBI

Abstract

Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Desa Pandan Jaya merupakan desa endemis malaria dari 9 desa yang ada di Kecamatan Geragai dengan API tiga tahun terakhir 14,7 permil, 22,2 permil dan 17,9 permil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor konstruksi dan lingkungan rumah panggung dengan kejadian malaria di desa Pandan JayaKecamatan Geragai. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan desain penelitian case control. Jumlah sampel 71 kasus dan 71 kontrol. Kasus diambil dari penderita malaria bulan januari 2006 s/d Maret 2007 dari desa Pandan Jaya yaitu penderita dengan pemeriksaan sedian darah positif. Kontrol diambil dari penduduk yang tidak menderita malaria dengan sediaan darah dinyatakan negatif pada pemeriksaan laboratorium, data diuji menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan taraf signifikan 95 % (alfa =0,05). Hasil analisis menunjuk ada hubungan antara faktor konstruksi dan lingkungan rumah tanggung meliputi keberadaan kawat kasa pada ventalasi (p=0,001), kerapatan dinding (p=0,001), kerapatan lantai ( p = 0,044 ; OR = 2,959 ) keberadaan langit-langit rumah (p=0,001 ; OR=8,497), keberadaan kolam ikan ( p=0,004 ; OR=22,775 ), keberadaan rawa-rawa ( p=0,006) keberadaan jentik di rawa-rawa ( p=0,021 ; OR=2,285 ) dan keberadaan semak belukar ( p=0,001 ; OR = 7,443 ), Besar resiko untuk faktor konstruksi rumah meliputi kerapatan lantai 2,9 kali ,keberadaan langit-langit 8,5 kali, untuk faktor lingkungan rumah meliputi keberadaan semak belukar 7,4 kali dengan kejadian malaria di desa Pandan Jaya Disarankan agar diupayakan perbaikan konstruksi rumah seperti memasang kasa pada ventilai, dinding harus rapat, lantai harus rapat, dipasang langit-langit pada rumah, dan peran serta masyarakat membersihkan kolam, semak serta memodifikasi/ manipulasi lingkungan guna mengurangi keberadaan rawa-rawa. Kata Kunci: Malaria,Konnstruksi Rumah Panggung THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CONSTRUCTIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR SCAFFOLDING HOUSE END THE INCIDENCE OF MALARIA IN PANDAN JAYA VILLAGE SUB-DISTRICT OF GERAGAI, EAST TANJUNG JABUNG, JAMBI Malaria is contagious disease which still be enviroment a problem of health in society. Pandan Jaya Village are the endemic area of malaria from 9 villages on Sub-District of geragai with API of last three years is 14.7 per mile, 22.2 per mile and 17.9 per mile. Target of this research was to know the correlation between constructional and environmental factors of scaffolding hous and occurrence of malaria in Pandan Jaya Villge Sub-District of Geragai. Type of research was observasional with case control design. Amount of sample was 71 cases and 71 cotrols. The cases were taken from patints on January malaria 2006 to March 2007 from Pandan Jaya village that was patient with positive of blood supply observation. The cotrols responders taken from the resident which do not infected malaria with negative of blood supply obsevational in laboratory, data tested by Chi-Square with significance level of 95% (alfa = 0.05). Resul of analysis indicated there was a correlation between constructional and environmetal factors of scaffolding house including existence of netting wire at ventiation (p=0.001), wall density (p = 0.001), floor density (p = 0.044; OR = 2.959) existence of celiling (p=0.001; OR = 8.497), existence of fishpond (p=0.004; OR=2.775), existence of marsh (p=0.006) existence of larvae in marsh (p=0.021; OR =2.285) and exitence of scrubs (p=0.001; OR=7.443) with ocurrence of malaria in Pandan Jaya Village. The level of risk for factor of house construction including density of floor was 2.9 times, exintence of roof was 8.5 times, for factor of house environment including existence of ponds was 2.8 times, existence of larvae at marsh was 2.3 times, existence of scrubs was 7.4 times with occurrence of malaria in Pandan Jaya Village. lt is suggested in order to improving of house construction like installing netting wire at ventilation, the wall and floor must bedense, attaching house celling, adn participation of society to cleaning of ponds, scrubs and also to modify or manipulating of environment in order to lessen existence of marsh Keyword : Malaria, Construction of Scaffolding House