HUBUNGAN KONDISI KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI DESA AIR MERAH KECAMATAN CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG PROPINSI BENGKULU

Abstract

Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) di Indonesia masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama, dengan angka kematian sebesar 6/1000 pada tahun 2002 terutama pada bayi dan anak balita. Di Bengkulu dari 10 penyakit terbanyak ISPA menempati urutan 1 sebesar 34,30%, sedangkan di Desa Air Merah sebesar 55,7%. Proporsi rumah sehat di Indonesia sebesar 60,43%, di Bengkulu 42,73% sedangkan di Desa Air Merah 37,7%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melindungi hubungan kondisi kesehatan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian ISPA pada Balita. Metode penelitian ini adalah survey dengan pendekatan cross sectional, menggunakan data sekunder, jumlah populasi 99 Balita dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 49 responden. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah chi square. Proporsi kejadian ISPA pada Balita sebesar 73,5%, kondisi lingkungan rumah yang belum memenuhi syarat dilihat dari jenis dinding 42,9%, jenis lantai 77,6%, ventilasi rumah 73,5%, kepadatan hunian rumah 55,1%, kepadatan hunian kamar tidur balita 81,6%, letak dapur 49,0%, penggunaan bahan bakar masak 89,8%, bahan bakar penerangan 32,7%, keberadaan perokok dalam rumah 89,9%, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk bakar 87,8%. Dari semua variabel yang diamati yang berhubungan secara statistik bermakna (p<0,05) adalah jenis dinding yang terbuat dari kayu/bambu (RP=6,147, CI95% 1,189-31,771, p=0.045) jenis lantai tanah (RP=5,314, CI95% 1,256-22,489, p=0,047), luas ventilasi rumah yang < 10% (RP=18,000, CI95% 3,742-86,594, p=0,0001), Kepadatan Hunian Kamar Tidur Balita yang tidak memenuhi syarat (RP=56,000, CI95% 5,726-547,647, p=0,0001), letak dapur yang tidak memenuhi syarat (RP=8,643, CI95% 1,662-44,955, p=0,012), jenis bahan bakar minyak tanah/kayu (RP=21,875, CI95% 2,237-213,925, p=0,003) dan Penggunaan Obat anti Nyamuk bakar (RP=7,556, CI95% 1,189-48,031, p=0,036) dengan kejadian ISPA pada Balita. Kata Kunci: Lingkungan rumah,ISPA,Balita THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH CONDITION OF HOUSE ENVIRONMENT AND OCCURENCE OF ACCUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION ON CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS IN VILLAGE OF AIR MERAH SUB DISTRICT OF CURUP DISTRICT OF REJANG LEBONG PROVINCE OF BENGKULU In indonesia, disease of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) still represent one of the principal public health problem, with its mortality rate 6/1000 in 2002 especially at infant and children under five. In Bengkulu, from big 10 of diseases Acute Respiratory Infection is on the top equal to 34.30%, while in village of Air Merah equal to 55.7%, in Bengkulu 42.73% while in village of Air Merah is 37.7%. This research aimed to see the relationship between health condition of house environment with occurence of Accute Respiratory Infection at children under five years. This research method is Survey research with cross sectional approach, using secondary data, amount of population are 99 balitas with amount of samples are 49 responders. Statistical analysis used is chi square. Proportion occurence of Acute Respiratory Infection at children under five years equal to 73.5%, condition of house enfironment whice not yet up to standart seen from wall type is 42.9%, floor type is 77.6%, house ventilation is 73.5%, density of house dwelling 55.1%, density of children under five years bedroom dwelling is 81.6%, kitchen location is 49.0%, usage of cook fuel is 89.8%, lighting fuel is 32.7%, existence of smoker in house is 89.9%, usage of mosquito coil is 87.8%. From all perceived variables which significant relationship statistically (p<0.05) are type of wall is wood /bamboo (RP=6,147, CI95% 1,189-31,771, p=0.045), type of floor is land (RP=5,314, CI95% 1,256-22,489, p=0,047),wide of house ventilation < 10% (RP=18,000, CI95% 3,742-86,594, p=0,0001),Density of Balita Bedroom Dwelling which not up to standart (RP=56,000, CI95% 5,726-547,647, p=0,0001), kitchen Location not up to standart (RP=8,643, CI95% 1,662-44,955, p=0,012), Type of cookfuel is petrolium/wood (RP=21,875, CI95% 2,237-213,925, p=0,003) and usage of anti-mosquito coil is (RP=7,556, CI95% 1,189-48,031, p=0,036) with occurences of Acute Respiratory Infection at children under five years. Keyword : House environment,acute Respiratory Infection,children under five years