FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN PENYAKIT BATU GINJAL DAN SALURAN KEMIH DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKEMAS SENTOLO I KABUPATEN KULON PROGO YOGYAKARTA

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakanggi tingginya kadar kesadahan air bersih dan angka kesakitan penyakit batu ginjal dan saluran kemih di wilayah kerja puskesmas sentolo I. Selain bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik responden, kadar kesadahan air bersih, angka kejadian penyakit batu ginjal dan saluran kemih, mendiskripsikan kebiasaan makan dan minum responden juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar kesadahan air bersih, lama tinggal, riwayat penyakit pada keluarga, kebiasaan makan dan minum responden dengan kejadiaan penyakit batu gunjal dan saluran kemih. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus-kontrol. Sampel penelitian ini sejumlah 130 orang yang meliputi sampel kasus 65 orang dan sampel kontrol 65 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan uji ci-square dan regresi logistik dengan alfa : 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan golongan umur kelompok kasus sebanyak 49,23%adalah golongan umur 30 s.d 40 tahun, umur minimum31 tahun, maksimum 77pada kategori >30 tahun yakni sebanyak 37 orang (56,92%) rata-rata 37,49 tahun. Kadar kesadahan air bersih pada kelompok kasus 44 sampel (67,69%) tidak memenuhi syarat dan 21 sampel (32,31%) memenuhi syarat sedang pada kontrolsebanyak 17 sampel (26,15%) tidak memenuhi syarat dan 48 sampel (73,85%) memenuhi syarat. Kebiasaan makan sumber Kalsium kategori sering pada kelompok kasus sebanyak 38,46% lebih besar dibanding pada kontrol 15,38%.Sedangkan kebiasaan makan sumber Oksalat kategori sering pada kelompok kasus sebanyak 46,15% lebih besar dibanding pada kontrol 10,77% dan kebiasaan minum air putih kategori kurang pada kelompok kasus sebanyak 64,62%lebih besar dibanding kontrol 41,54%. Hasil analisis bivariat ada hubungan yang bermakna antara semua faktor risiko dengan kejadian penyakit batu ginjal dan saluran kemih sedangkan pada analsis multivariat menunujukkan ada hubungan antara kadar kesadahan, lama tinggal, riwayat penyakit serta kebiasaan makan sumber Oksalat dengan kejadiaan penyakit batu ginjal dan saluran kemih. Kata Kunci: batu ginjal, saluran kemih, kesadahan THE RISK FACTOR IN THE OCCURANCE OF NEFROLITHIASIS IN THE PUSKESMAS SENTOLO I KULON PROGO YOGYAKARTA i> The background of this research is because of the high level of hardness in the clean water and the rate nefrolithiasis and urolithiasis in the area of Puskesmas Sentolo I. The goals of this research are to know the characteristic of the sample, to measure the high level of hardness in the clean water, to know the rate of nefrolithiasis, to describle the habit of eating and drinking, its also to know the correlation between the high level of hardness in the clean water, how long the sample stay at the area, the story of the family's sicknes, the habit in eating and drinking with the case of nefrolithiasis and urolithiasis. This research is an observational research with the case control design. The sample of this research is130 people that include 65 people as the case and 65 people as the control. The aanalysis of the data is stested by chi-square and logistic regression. The result of this research shows 49,23% case is people in the age of 30 to 40, the minimum age is 31 years oled, maximum age is 77 years old the average age is 46,18 yearsold. The long stay for the most case is >30 years that is 37 people (56,92% 0 the average is 37,49 years. The high level of hardness is clean water for the case group is, there are 44 samples (67,69%) that don't fulfil the qualification and there are 21 sample (32,31%) that fulfil the qualification. And for the control group, there are 17 samples (26,15%) that don't fulfil the qualification and there are 48 sample (73,85%) thet fulfil the qualification. The habit in eating calcium for people who often eat calcium in the case group is 38,46% it is higher than the control group that is 15,38%and the habit in eating oksalat for people who often eat it in the case group is 46,15% compare to 10,77% in the control group and the habit in drinking white water for people who rarely drink it in the case group is 64,62% compare to 41,54% in the control group. The result of this bivariat analysis shows that there were a significant correlation between all the risk factor and the case of nefrolithiasis and urolithiasis and the result of this multivariat analysis shows that there were a significant correlation between hardness, the habit ineating oksalat, the sample stay at the area and the history of the family's sickens with the nefrolithiasis and urolithiasis. Keyword : nefrolithiasis, urolithiasis, hardness