PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN KADAR BOD5 ANTARA TRICKLING FILTER MEDIA BATU KALI DENGAN TRICKLING FILTER MEDIA POTONGAN PIPA PVC PADA AIR LIMBAH RUMAH PEMOTONGAN AYAM TRADISIONAL PASAR KOBONG SEMARANG

Abstract

Air limbah Rumah Pemotongan Ayam (RPA) tradisional Pasar Kobong Semarang memiliki kadar BOD5 yang tinggi sebesar 2.185,92 mg/l, sementara kadar BOD5 maksimum yang diperbolehkan untuk air limbah industri rumah pemotongan hewan berdasarkan Keputusan Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat I Jawa Tengah No.660.1/02/1997 adalah 150 mg/l, maka diperlukan suatu pengolahan air limbah untuk menjamin tersedianya daging ayam yang sehat dan mencegah pencemaran lingkungan. Trickling filter adalah salah satu pengolahan air limbah biologis yang dapat menurunkan kandungan senyawa organik dan dapat menurunkan kadar BOD5. Jenis media akan mempengaruhi penurunan kadar BOD5 oleh trickling filter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui media mana, antara batu kali dan potongan pipa PVC, yang lebih baik dalam mempengaruhi penurunan kadar BOD5 air limbah RPA tradisional Pasar Kobong Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experiment dengan rancangan pretest-posttest with control group. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis media trickling filter; variabel terikatnya adalah kadar BOD5; variabel pengganggu yang dikendalikan adalah diameter media, ketebalan media, ketebalan media, lama pengoperasian, dan kecepatan aliran. uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu Uji Wilcoxon untuk menguji perbedaan kadar BOD5 sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan serta Uji Kruskal Wallis dan Uji Mann-Whitney untuk menguji perbedaan kadar BOD5 antar perlakuan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : ada perbedaan penurunan kadar BOD5 air limbah RPA tradisional Pasar Kobbong Semarang antara sebelum dan setelah melewati unit kontrol (prosentase penurunan=18,34%, p=0,004); ada perbedaan kadar BOD5 air limbah RPA tradisional Pasar Kobong Semarang antara sebelum dan sesudah melewati trickling filter media batu kali (prosentase penurunan=70,76%, p=0,004); ada perbedaan kadar BOD5 air limbah RPA tradisional Pasar Kobong Semarang antara sebelum dan sesudah melewati trickling filter media potongan pipa PVC(prosentase penurunan=63,31%, p=0,004); dan ada perbedaan penurunan kadar BOD5 air limbah RPA tradisional Pasar Kobong Semarang antara trickling filter media batu kali dengan trickling filter media potongan pipa PVC (p=0,006). Saran dari penelitian ini adalah penelitian akan datang tentang penerapan resirkulasi untuk memperbaiki kualitas efluen. Kata Kunci: trickling filter, air limbah, rumah pemotongan ayam tradisional, kadar BOD5, media batu kali, media potongan pipa PVC, biofilm THE DIFFERENCE OF BOD5 RATE REMOVAL BETWEEN RIVER STONE MEDIUM TRICKLING FILTER AND PVC PIPE PIECE MEDIUM TRICKLING FILTER AT WASTE WATER OF TRADITIONAL CHICKEN-ABATTOIR PASAR KOBONG SEMARANG Traditional Chicken-Abattoir Pasar Kobong Semarang, in where about 5000 chickens are sloughtered everyday, had 2,185.92 mg/l of BOD5 rate whereas the maximum allowed BOD5 rate in Decision of Central Java Governor Num.660.1/02/1997 for abattoir is 150 mg/l. A waste water treatment is needed in order to prevent chickens and environtment from contamination. Trickling filter, one of biological waste water treatments, is able to remove organic compound and BOD5 rate. The type of media will influence the BOD5 rate removal by trickling filter. This researsch aimed to see which one, between river stone and PVC pipe piece, is better in influencing the BOD5 removal of traditional chicken-abattoir waste water. Experiment method and pretest-posttest with control group design were applied in this research. The independent variable in this research was the type of trickling filter media, and the independent variable was BOD5. The controlled confounding variables were media diameter, media height, operational period, and stream speed. Wilcoxon Test was applied to test the difference of BOD5 rate removal between before and after treatments. Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test were applied to test the difference of BOD5 rate removal among treatments. The results of this research were : there was BOD5 rate difference of traditional chicken-abattoir waste water between before and after passing control unit (removal presentage=18.34%, p=0.004); there was BOD5 rate difference of traditional chicken-abattoir waste water between before and after passing trickling filter with river stone media(removal presentage=70.76%, p=0.004); there was BOD5 rate difference of traditional chicken-abattoir waste water between before and after passing trickling filter with PVC pipe piece media(removal presentage=63.31%, p=0.004); and there was BOD5 rate difference of traditional chicken-abattoir waste water between after passing river stone medium trickling filter and after passing PVC pipe piece medium trickling filter(p=0.006). Resirculation applaying was suggested for refining the quality of effluent. Keyword : trickling filter, waste water, traditional chicken-abattoir, BOD5 rate, river stone medi