PRODUKSI TERNAK DOMBA YANG MENDAPAT JERAMI PADI-AZOLA TERAMONIASI SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI RUMPUT GAJAH

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggantian rumput gajah dengan jerami path — azola teramoniasi (JAT) terhadap konsumsi bahan kering (KBK), bahan organik (KBO), kecernaan BK (KcBK),BO (KcB0) clan protein kasar (KcPK) pakan, serta pertambahan bobot badan (PBB) domba ekor gemuk. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2001 di Laboratorium Emu Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Penelitian menggunakan materi : 15 ekor domba ekor germ* bobot badan awal rata-rata 18,997 + 0,857 kg, JAT, rumput gajah (RG) dan konsentrat. Digunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan masing-masing dengan 3 ulangan. TO (RG), T1(75% RG + 25% JAT), T2(50% RG + 50% JAT), T3(25% RG + 75% JAT), T4(JAT), Tiap ekor domba mendapatkan BK konsentrat 1,5% dari BB domba. JAT dibuat dari jerami path dan azolla. Keduanya dilayukan sehingga kadar airnya 35%. Berdasarkan BK jerami path dan azolla dicampur dengan imbangan 75% : 25%, diamoniasi dengan urea sebanyak 6%, dimasukkan kantong plasfik dan diperam 14 Mari. Urea dilarutkan dalam air bingga kadar air JAT 40%. JAT dilceringkan dan digiling. Pemberiannya bersamaan dengan konsentrat sebanyak rumput gajah yang disubstitusi. Pelakuan pendahuluan dilakukan selama 4 minggu untuk melatila domba terhadap pakan perlakuan. Setelah itu pengamatan PBB domba selama 5 minggu, tiap minggu ditimbang untuk pedoman pemberian pakan. Pengamatan konsumsi pakan dan ekskresi feses dilakukan selama 2 minggu akhir penelitian. Pada periode tersebut diambil sampel pakan dan feses untuk analisis proksirnat di Laboratorium. Data yang didapat dianalisis ragam dilanjutkan dengan Uji Wilayah Ganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada TO, T1, T2, T3 dan T4 KBK masing¬masing 0,7074, 0,7612, 0,8037, 0,6661 dan 0,6470 kg/elc/hr atau 3,40, 3,58, 3,95, 3,36 dan 3,32 % dari BB (pada semua perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata). KBO masing-masing 0,6055, 0,6280, 0,6372, 0,5069 dan 0,4732 kg/ek/hr (hanya pada T4 yang secara nyata lebih kecil dari perlakuan yang lain). KcBK masing-masing 70,43,_ 64,30, 52,73,__48,04_ dan 46,23 % (menunin sangat nyata dari masing-masing perlakuan kecuali antara T3 dengan T4, P<0,01), KcBO masing-masing 74,83, 69,67, 60,56, 53,30 dan 49,08 % (menurun sangat nyata dan masing-masing perlakuan kecuali antara T3 dengan T4, P<0,01), Kecernaan PK pada TO, T1, T2, T3 dan T4 masing-masing 74,25, 67,74, 55,39, 48,19 dan 45,17 % (menurun sangat nyata dari masing-masing perlakuan kecuali antara T3 dengan T4, P<0,01), PBB masing-masing 55,45, 50,70, 44,90, 40,74 dan 33,29 g/ek/hr (menurun sangat nyata dari masing-masing perlakuan, P<0,01). Disimpulkan bahwa semakin banyak rumput gajah yang digantican dengan JAT semakin rnenurun produksi ternak domba. Kata kunci JAT, Rumput gajah, bobot badan, domba An experiment has been carried out to investigate the effect of substitution of Elephant Grass (EG) with ammoniated rice straw - azolla (RSA) on dry matter intake <DMA organic matter intake (OMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD) and liveweight gain (LWG) of fat tailed sheep (FTS). This experiment was carried out at Laboratory of Animal Feed, Faculty of Animal Agriculture, Diponegoro University, from May to October 2001. Fifteen FTS with initial weight of 18.997 + 0.857 kg were used. They were allocated into a completely randomised design with 5 treatment, so that there were 3 replicates in each treatment. The treatments applied were: TO (100 % EG), T1 (75 % EG + 25 % RSA), T2 (50 % EG + 50 % RSA), T3 (25 % EG + 75 % RSA) and T4 (100 % RSA). Each sheep was given concentrate dry matter at amount of 1.5% of live weight. RSA was made from rice straw and azolla. These feedstuffs were wilted until their water content was 35 %. They were mixed with proportion of rice strawazolla was 75:25 on the dry matter basis. This mixture was then ammoniated with 6 % urea solution and bagged for 14 days. The water content of this mixture was found to be 40%. RSA was dried and milled. This was given to the sheep as a mixture with concetrate as much as EG that was to be substituted. Preliminary treatment was conducted for 4 weeks to make the sheep familiar to the feed. Data of liveweight gain were then collected for 5 weeks. Every week the sheep were wighed for feeding adjustment. Data of feed intake and faeces excretion were collected in the last 2 weeks of treatment application. During this period samples of feed and faeces were collected for proximate analyses. The data abtained were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this experiment show that there was no significant difference in DMI among the treatments. The DMZ's of TO, Ti, T2, T3 and T4 were 0.7074, 0.7612, 0.8037, 0.6661 and 0.6470 kg/head/d, or 3.40, 3.58, 3.95, 3.36 and 3.32 % body weight, respectively. OMI of T4 was significantly lower than the other treatments. The OM's of TO, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 0.6055, 0.6280, 0.6372, 0.5069 and 0.4732 kg/head/d, respectively. DMD, OMD and crude protein digestibility significantly, decreased as the proportion-of RSA in the -diet was increased-(exepted-from T3 to T4). DMD's -of TO, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 70.43, 64.30, 52.73, 48.04 and 46,23%, respectively. MID' s of TO, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 74.83, 69.67, 60.56, 53.30 and 49.08 %, respectively. While CPD's of TO, Tl, T2, T3 and T4 were 74.25, 67.74, 55.39, 48.19 and 45.17%, respectively. LWG of lambs significantly decreased (p<0.01)as as the proportion of RSA in the diet was increased. LWG's of TO, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 55.45, 50.70, 44.90, 40.74 and 33.29 g/head/d, respectively. It was concluded that the more EG was substituted by RSA in diets the lower productivity of FTS. Key words: sheep, elephant grass, rice straw, azolla, live weight.