PEMUCATAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT MENTAH DENGAN LEMPUNG TERMODIFIKASI OLEH TETRAMETILAMONIUM (TMA)

Abstract

TMA-modified clay was made through several steps. First, the natural clay from Boyolali, Central Java was stirred with NaCl solution 1M for 24 hours and filtered. Next, the residues were soaked into TMACl solution and stirred with variation of concentration ½. 1. 1½. 2. 2½ % w/v for 24 hours. The product was characterized using X-ray diffraction method and then was applied in bleaching crude palm oil by soaking TMA-clay of 0.1 gram into 4 mL of palm oil, the mixture was stirred and heated until 91oC with the variation of contact times 5. 10. 15. 30. 45. 60. 75. 90. 120 and 150 minutes. The adsorbent bleaching capacity toward oil was determined by spectrofotometry method and the acid number was determined by titrimetry method. The components of crude palm oil adsorbed by TMA-clay were determined by UV-Vis and infra red spectrofotometry. It was concluded that TMA-clay 1% w/v had the maximum bleaching efficiency that was 99.48% with optimum contact times 120 minutes and was able to decrease acid number until 29.16%. The components adsorbed by TMA-clay were as β-carotene, fatty acid, aldehid (deca 2.4.6.8 tetraenal) and keton.