PRA-ANGGAPAN PRAGMATIK DALAM NASKAH DRAMA “THE WILD DUCK” KARYA HENRIK IBSEN

Abstract

Presupposition is something that is used to make an assumption in a discourse. This thesis tries to describe presupposition in a play script titled The Wild Duck by Henrik Ibsen. This research object is chosen in order to show that presupposition does not only exist in real world conversation but also in a play script conversation. This thesis wants to show that presupposition is always needed in making conversation. The purpose of this research is to describe types of presupposition according to presupposition triggers proposed by Levinson (1983). The presupposition trigger is used to indicate presupposition in an utterance of play script. Besides, this research is also used to describe background knowledge of speaker and hearer. It supports presupposition that appears in an utterance of play script. The research uses identity method (metode padan) with referential and pragmatic sub-method. Besides, the research also uses distributional method (metode agih). The techniques of distributional method are substitution technique (teknik ganti), expansion technique (teknik perluas), interruption technique (teknik sisip), and paraphrase technique (teknik ubah ujud). Data of this research are all utterances of play script titled The Wild Duck by Henrik Ibsen that contains presupposition triggers. The sample is chosen by the writer according to purposive sampling technique. In this research, the writer also uses Simak Bebas Libat Cakap method and catat technique. The presented data are qualitative description. The result of this research shows that in the collected data, there are many utterances that contain presupposition triggers. The utterances can be classified into 13 types of presupposition triggers as Karttunen (in Levinson, 1983) proposed. They are questions consisting of yes/no question, WH question, and alternative question; definite description; comparison and contrast; iterative; temporal clause; non-restrictive relative clauses; factive verbs; counterfactual conditionals; change of state verbs; cleft sentence; implicit clefts with stressed constituents; implicative verbs; and verbs of judging.