PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEKERJA/ BURUH OUTSOURCING (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN KETAPANG)

Abstract

Observing ‘company’ as a symbol of dominant economy system, became inherently clear, its structure and function was anti-thesis for legal protection against employees/ labours, both was mutually be in opposite, always found gaps between das solens (the should) and das sain (the fact), and always present discrepancies between law in the books and law in action. In fact, economy living with financial capitalism hegemony had already operated through dissolution subject that is never considering employees/ labours as production subjects who disserve to be protected, indeed treat them as object that may be exploited. This is what really occurred within outsourcing practice in Indonesia, thus outsourcing legalization based on Law no. 13 of 2003 about Manpower got harvest controversies. For they who agreed has reason that outsourcing has benefits for developing business and open new job demands. On the other side, for them who disagreed considering on the practice of outsourcing constituted the modern capitalism patterns that will bring miseries for employees/ labours. Based on this facts, the author then formulated questions: How was outsourcing practice legality in Ketapang Regency? How was employer providing working protections and job requirements for outsourcing employees/ labours? How was legal protection for the outsourcing employees/ labours, and what efforts that must be established and implemented by Ketapang Regency Government for giving legal protection toward outsourcing employees/ labours. Its purposes were for carrying out analysis toward outsourcing practice, for knowing the implementation of working protection and working requirements for employees/ labours, for knowing the implementation of its legal protection and analyzing legal protection efforts that is applied by Ketapang Regency Governmental. For answering those questions and research purposes above, here used juridical empiric/ sociologic approach with research specification of Analytic Descriptive. Sort of data contained inside it consisted of Primary Data and Secondary data, which were collected through literature and documentation study (library and documentation), and field research, whereas sampling is done through Non-Random Sampling method with Purposive Sampling. Based on discussion results, it’s known that legally, violation frequently occurred on outsourcing requirements in Ketapang Regency, working protection and working requirements often were not provided maximally by employers, while many of working protections for employees/ labours constrained for the weakness of manpower legal system, whether its substances, structures or cultures. Therefore, revisions are very needed on several manpower regulation-legislation. Ketapang Regency governmental need to increase amount of its manpower superintendent personnel, provide tools and facility and adequate budget for manpower surveillance operation in order to do their jobs and function maximally, and powering any kind of labour-unions in purpose to run well their aims and functions. Keywords: Outsourcing employee/ labour, exploitation, and legal protection Mengamati “perusahaan” sebagai simbol dari sistem ekonomi dominan, menjadi jelas secara inheren, struktur dan fungsinya adalah anti-tesis bagi perlindungan hukum pekerja/buruh, keduanya saling bertentangan, selalu dijumpai kesenjangan antara das sollen (keharusan) dan das sain (kenyataan) dan selalu muncul diskrepansi antara law in the books dan law in action. Nyatanya kehidupan ekonomi dengan hegemoni kapitalisme financial telah beroperasi melalui “dis-solution subject” yang tidak memandang pekerja/buruh sebagai subjek produksi yang patut dilindungi, melainkan sebagai objek yang bisa di eksploitasi, inilah yang terjadi dalam praktik outsourcing di Indonesia, sehingga legalisasi outsourcing berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan menuai kotroversi. Bagi yang setuju berdalih outsourcing bermanfaat dalam pengembangan usaha dan membuka lapangan kerja baru. Bagi yang menolak beranggapan praktik outsourcing merupakan corak kapitalisme modern yang membawa kesengsaraan bagi pekerja/buruh. Berdasarkan kenyataan itu penulis merumuskan masalah; bagaimana legalitas praktik outsourcing di Kabupaten ketapang?, bagaimanakah pengusaha memberikan perlindungan kerja dan syarat-syarat kerja bagi pekerja/buruh outsourcing?, bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja/buruh outsourcing dan upaya apa saja yang harus dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Ketapang untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja/buruh outsourcing. Tujuannya adalah untuk melakukan alanisis terhadap praktik outsourcing, mengetahui pelaksanaan perlindungan kerja dan syarat-syarat kerja bagi pekerja/buruh, mengetahui pelaksanaan perlindungan hukumnya dan menganalisis upaya perlindungan hukum oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Ketapang. Untuk menjawab permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian, digunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris/sosiologis dengan spesifikasi penelitian Deskriptif Analitis. Jenis datanya meliputi Data Primer dan Data Skunder yang dikumpulkan melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan dokumentasi(library and documentation) serta penelitian lapangan(field research), sedangkan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Non Random Sampling dengan metode Purposive Sampling. Dari hasil pembahasan diketahui bahwa secara legalitas banyak terjadi pelanggaran syarat-syarat outsourcing di Kabupaten Ketapang, perlindungan kerja dan syarat-syarat kerja bagi pekerja/buruh outsourcing tidak diberikan oleh pengusaha secara maksimal, sedangkan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja/buruh terkendala karena adanya kelemahan dalam system hukum ketenagakerjaan, baik substansi, struktur maupun kulturnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu revisi atas beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan ketenagakerjaan, Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Ketapang perlu menambah jumlah personel pegawai pengawas ketenagakerjaan, menyediakan sarana dan fasilitas serta anggaran yang memadai untuk operasional pengawasan ketenagakerjaan agar dapat menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya secara maksimal serta memberdayakan Serikat Pekerja/Serikat Buruh agar mampu menjalankan tujuan dan fungsinya dengan baik. Kata Kunci: Pekerja/Buruh Outsourcing, Eksploitasi, dan Perlindungan Hukum.