KAJI EKSPERIMENTAL RUGI TEKAN (HEAD LOSS) DAN FAKTOR GESEKAN YANG TERJADI PADA PIPA LURUS DAN BELOKAN PIPA (BEND)

Abstract

Head loss is one of disturbance or obstacle that cannot be avoided in water flow, which cause in decreasing of its flow. The disturbance or obstacle that often occurs and interrupts the normal flow in the flow in pipe is the head loss caused by a friction and abrupt changes in area and bend. It makes the water flow weaker and less. This research aims to identify the head loss, friction factors in straight pipe and losses coefficient in bend by using apparatus H16 Losses in Piping System at UNDIP Mechanical Engineering Thermofluid Laboratory. This research deals with the amount of head loss in straight pipe and various kinds of bends with eight variations of speed. This research used a laboratory experimental method. The independent variables are the length of the straight pipe, bend variation 900 pipe and flow velocity variation. The dependent variable is head loss. The result of the analysis that the biggest range of head loss in the 900 pipe (mitre) is 0,281 m, while the smallest range of head loss occurred in the straight pipe is 0,178 m. The result of the analysis is emphasized by the graphic showing that the friction factor for testing pipe (copper tube) is bigger than friction factor of smooth pipe (Blasius), while for the relative roughness value ((ε/D), the bigger velocity and Reynold number, the friction factor tends to be constant. Whereas the biggest range of minor coefficient loss occurred on the mitre bend is 5,85 and the smallest range of minor coefficient loss occurred on the bend of 900 radius pipe is 4,249.