KAJIAN PENGARUH AKTIVITAS PELABUHAN PERIKANAN TERHADAP ASPEK KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI JUWANA DAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Bajomulyo, Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati)

Abstract

ABSTRAK Keberadaan pelabuhan perikanan merupakan salah satu upaya dalam rangka mempercepat kemajuan kawasan pesisir dengan pengoptimalan sumberdaya pantai melalui peningkatan sarana dan prasarana di bidang perikanan. Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Bajomulyo merupakan salah satu pelabuhan perikanan terbesar di Kabupaten Pati dan tulang punggung perekonomian di Kecamatan Juwana. Aktivitas sosial ekonomi di PPP Bajomulyo belum disertai berfungsinya fasilitas yang disediakan sesuai harapan akan berpotensi menimbulkan penurunan kualitas air Sungai Juwana karena lokasi pelabuhan perikanan yang berada tepi Sungai Juwana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) mengetahui dan mengkaji kualitas air Sungai Juwana sebagai akibat aktivitas pelabuhan perikanan; 2) mengkaji aktivitas pelabuhan perikanan dan pengelolaan limbah di PPP Bajomulyo; dan 3) mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan PPP Bajomulyo sebagai dasar strategi perencanaan pengelolaan pelabuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah studi kasus. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan secara purposive sampling meliputi lokasi sebelum kawasan pelabuhan, lokasi badan air dekat PPP Bajomulyo Unit I dan Bajomulyo Unit II serta lokasi dekat muara sungai lalu dianalisis di laboratorium. Selanjutnya hasil analisis dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air sesuai PP Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 dan Kepmen LH Nomor 51 Tahun 2004 serta dihitung nilai Indeks Mutu Lingkungan Perairan (IMLP) menggunakan CCME-WQI. Aktivitas pelabuhan dan pengelolaan limbah serta persepsi masyarakat dilakukan dengan cara stratified random sampling selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter yang telah melewati ambang batas baku mutu adalah TSS, kekeruhan, DO, BOD, amonia, nitrit, dan minyak/lemak, sedangkan parameter yang tidak melampaui ambang batas yaitu suhu, salinitas, pH dan nitrat. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan IMLP untuk peruntukan Mutu Air Kelas II tergolong dalam kondisi sangat buruk hingga buruk, sedangkan nilai IMLP untuk peruntukan Mutu Perairan Pelabuhan tergolong dalam kondisi buruk hingga sedang. Aktivitas sosial ekonomi di PPP Bajomulyo meliputi kegiatan perkapalan, pelelangan, fillet ikan dan kegiatan domestik menghasilkan limbah padat dan limbah cair yang belum dikelola dengan baik sehingga dapat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air Sungai Juwana. Masyarakat memiliki persepsi positif terhadap keberadaan PPP Bajomulyo karena berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar khususnya masyarakat nelayan dan dapat menyerap tenaga kerja. Kata Kunci : aktivitas pelabuhan perikanan, limbah, baku mutu, Indeks Mutu Lingkungan Perairan, persepsi masyarakat ABSTRACT The existence of fishing port has been one of efforts of accelerating the progress of the coastal area by means of optimizing coastal resources with coastal resource optimization through improved facilities and infrastructures of the fisheries-related issues. Bajomulyo Coastal Fishing Port (CFP) is one of largest fishing port in Pati Regency and it has become the backbone of the economy in Juwana District. Socio-economic activities nearby the Bajomulyo CFP had not been sparred by the facility functioning as expected and it will potentially lead to water quality degradation of Juwana River due to the location of this fishing port was situated in Juwana Riverbank. This research aims to: 1) identify and analyze water quality of Juwana River as a result of fishing port activities; 2) analyze the fishing port activities and waste management at the Bajomulyo CFP; and 3) know the inhabitant perception of Bajomulyo CFP existence as a basic on which strategy of port management planning to be drafted. The method used in this research was a case study. Water sampling were determined using purposive sampling method at location outside fishing port area, nearby the port (Bajomulyo Unit I and Bajomulyo Unit II), and river mouth, which then analyzed at analytical laboratory. Furthermore, results of analysis were compared with water quality standard according to Government Act No. 82/2001 and State Minister of Environment Decree No. 51/2004. The results were also subject to a measurement of Waters Environment Quality Index (IMLP) using CCME-WQI. Fishing port activities and its waste management then inhabitant perception were done by stratified random sampling to make a quantitative and qualitative description. The results showed in parameters exceeded the threshold level or quality standard such as TSS, turbidity, DO, BOD, ammonia, nitrites, and oil / fat content, whereas the parameters which did not yet exceed the maximum limits namely temperature, salinity, pH, and nitrate. According to the calculation of CCME-WQI for Water Quality-Class II, the area was categorized in poor-to-marginal condition, whereas the value of CCME-WQI for the Port Water Quality resulted in marginal-to-fair condition. Socio-economic activities nearby Bajomulyo CFP included shipping activities, fish auctions, fish fillets and domestic activities, which disposed solid and liquid wastes.The later condition of waste management has not done well so that it adversely affected the water quality of Juwana River. Local people had a positive perception of the existence of Bajomulyo CFP because it improved positive impact on the economy of local people, particularly fishing communities and it also created business and absorbed more job opportunies. Keywords: fishing port activities, waste, quality standard, Water Environment Quality Index, local people perception