Kurniawati, Retno (2010) EVALUASI KONDISI SUB-DAS BODRI HILIR DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PESISIR. Masters thesis, Magister Ilmu Lingkungan.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki potensi wilayah pesisir yang sangat luas. Potensinya yang cukup besar membuat konsekuensi tekanan ekologis maupun ekonomis di kawasan pesisirpun cukup besara akibat adanya interaksi daratan dan lautan Salah satu bentuk interaksi antara darat dan lautan adalah interaksi wilayah pesisir dan daratan di daerah hulu termasuk dalam kesatuan system Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). Pengelolaan DAS merupakan rangkaian aktivitas manusia dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan tetap menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Tujuan dilakukan Monev DAS dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh gambaran kondisi penghidupan masyarakat serta pengaruh hubungan timbal balik antara faktor-faktor sosial masyarakat dengan kondisi sumber daya alam (tanah, air dan vegetasi) di dalam DTA suatu DAS. Evaluasi kondisi DAS/Sub DAS dilakukan secara terintegrasi terhadap kelima kriteria; tata air, penggunaan lahan, sosial, ekonomi dan kelembagaan. Hasil yang didapatkan dari monev suatu DAS dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penyusunan strategi pengelolaaan DAS dengan tujuan mengurangi ataupun memperkecil dampak ekologis dan ekonomis terhadap lingkungan pesisir. Hasil monev aspek tata air menunjukkan bahwa kondisi Sub DAS Bodri Hilir dalam keadaan jelek dengan skor 4,5 (dari selang 1 = baik sampai 5 = jelek). Fluktuasi debit maksimum dan minimum jelek karena dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir >120. Kandungan total sedimen jelek karena > 500 mg/l dan terdapat kualitas air sungai Bodri dalam kondisi sedang. Penyebab kondisi tersebut adalah penggunaan lahan di hulu yang tidak sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip konservasi sehingga menyebabkan erosi tinggi dan sedimentasi di aliran sungai. Kondisi ini menyebabkan permasalahan banjir, pendangkalan muara yang mengganggu transportasi kapal dan permasalahan sosial akibat penambahan daratan di pesisir. Penggunaan lahan dalam kondisi jelek karena tutupan lahan permanen < 30%. Sedangkan hasil monev kondisi sosial adalah sedang dengan skor 3,22. Usulan yang dapat diberikan dalam pengelolaan Sub DAS Bodri hilir adalah meningkatkan kepedulian dan partisipasi masyarakat dan seluruh stakeholder dalam pemanfaatan SDA dan pengelolaan lahan di hulu dengan perbaikan rasio tutupan lahan untuk mengurangi erosi dan limpasan permukaan. Selain itu pembuatan produk peraturan Perda yang melindungi masyarakat dan lingkungan pesisir dari pola pemanfaatan lahan dan sumber daya alam di hulu. Keseriusan dalam implementasi peraturan-peraturan dalam pengelolaan lahan maupun pemanfatan SDA dengan peningkatan koordinasi dalam sebuah Forum DAS di tingkat kabupaten Kendal. Kegiatan fisik yang diperlukan saat ini adalah pembuatan perlindungan tebing dengan vegetasi dan bangunan penyangga di tebing sungai guna mengurangi bahaya longsor Kata kunci: DAS, Pesisir ,monitoring, evaluasi, tata air, sosial ekonomi ABSTRACT Indonesia as a translandic country has great deal of coastal area. Its potentials are very high, resulting in high ecological and economic pressures around the area due to interface between continental and water evironments. One of interactions between these two characteristics are that of between coastal area and continental area in upstream of watershed systems. The management of the watershed is a set of human activities in making use natural resources in order to improve people welfare by keeping the environment preserved. The watershed systems monitoring and evaluation aimed to capture illustration of people living as well as the impact of reciprocal relationship between social factors and the natural resources (land, water, and vegetation) condition in catcment area and watershed. The evaluation of the condition of the watershed/sub-watershed was performed integrally on a basis of five criteria: water management, land use, social, economy, and instution. This watershed monitoring and evaluation resulted in a basis on which strategy development of the watershed management applicable to the improvement of the coastal environment, both ecologically or from economic context. The result of monitoring and evaluation of the water management aspect showed that the condition of Bodri Hilir sub-watershed was in a poor condition, as it only obtained score as low as 4.5 (from1 good to 5 poor range). The fluctuation of maximum and minimum debits was also unsatisfactorily as it reached > 120 in the past ten years. The total content of sediments are in a poor condition (>500 mg/l) with a moderate river water quality. Factors that affected such conditions were upstream land use, which violated conservation principles. Such bad habit resulted in high erosion and sedimentation of the river stream. Consequently, flood frequently occurred, and sedimentation at the river mouth caused problems to ship transportation. To contribute as well, was a social problem due to extension of the coastline continental area. Land use was deemed in a poor condition due to a permanent land abandonment up to < 30%. Meanwhile, the monitoring and evaluation of the social condition scored 3.22. This study recommended an improved awareness and participation of the local people as well as stakeholders in making use the natural resources in land management at the upstream area with an improvement of land covering ratio in order to minimize erosion and surface run-off. In addition, the study also recommended a good pattern of the land use and natural resources at the upstream side. Serious implementation of best practices in the land management and natural resources use can be obtained by improving coordination in a watershed fora at district level of Kendal Regency. Physical activities necessary at present day are those related to slop protection using appropriate vegetation and shelter buildings along the river bank to prevent the area from landslides. Keywords: watershed, monitoring, evaluation, water management, socio-economy.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
Divisions: | School of Postgraduate (mixed) > Master Program in Environmental Science |
ID Code: | 24748 |
Deposited By: | INVALID USER |
Deposited On: | 17 Dec 2010 10:28 |
Last Modified: | 17 Dec 2010 10:28 |
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