PENGARUH INTERVENSI DIET DAN OLAHRAGA TERHADAP INDEKS MASSA TUBUH, KESEGARAN JASMANI, hsCRP DAN PROFIL LIPID PADA ANAK OBESITAS THE EFFECTS OF DIET AND EXERCISE ON BODY MASS INDEX, PHYSICAL FITNESS, hsCRP AND LIPID PROFILE IN OBESE CHILDREN

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background : The prevalence of obesity is increasing and it becomes epidemic in developing and industrialized countries. Atherosclerosis starting at childhood and progressing until adult period has a strong correlation with obesity. Diet and exercise intervention will decrease obesity and atherosclerosis. Objective : To asses the effect of 8-weeks diet and exercise intervention on body mass index (BMI), physical fitness, hsCRP, and lipid profile in obese children. Methods : One group pre and post test design was conducted on Bernardus elementary school children aged 9-10 years from June – September 2009. Twenty one subjects followed 8-weeks intervention diet and exercise program. The program consisted of 45 minutes exercise, 3 times/week and reduced the calories to 1800 kcal/day. The anthropometric, physical fitness test, and blood samples for hsCRP and lipid profile were taken before and after 8 weeks intervention. The data were analyzed with t-test. Results : Twenty students (17 boys and 3 girls) completed the intervention. There were significant differences on BMI (decreased 0,6 kg/m2), physical fitness level (increased 1,66 ml/kg/min), LDL (decreased 13,5 mg/dl), and HDL (increased 7,5 mg/d) after intervention. But there were no significant difference on cholesterol, and hsCRP before and after the intervention. The daily intake was reduced 421,3 kcal/day. Conclusions : Eight weeks diet and exercise program reduced the body mass index and lipid profile and increased the physical fitness level, but there was no effect on hsCRP level. Keywords : diet, exercise, hsCRP, lipid profile, obesity, children ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Obesitas telah berkembang menjadi epidemi baik di negara maju maupun sedang berkembang. Aterosklerosis mulai timbul pada masa anak dan berkembang pada masa dewasa serta erat kaitannya dengan obesitas. Intervensi diet dan olah raga dapat menurunkan risiko aterosklerosis. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh intervensi diet dan olah raga terhadap indeks massa tubuh, kesegaran jasmani, hsCRP, profil lipid pada anak obesitas. Metode : Uji intervensi one group pre and post test design pada anak SD usia 9 – 10 tahun di SD Bernardus Semarang pada bulan Juni-September 2009. Intervensi diet berupa konseling pada anak dan orangtua. Intervensi olahraga sebanyak 3 kali 45 menit per minggu selama 8 minggu. Pengambilan data awal dan akhir berupa data antropometri, tingkat kesegaran jasmani, kadar hsCRP, dan profil lipid kemudian dilakukan analisa data dengan uji beda. Hasil : Dua puluh (17 laki-laki dan 3 perempuan) subyek menyelesaikan penelitian. Didapatkan penurunan indeks massa tubuh sebesar 0,6 kg/m2, peningkatan tingkat kesegaran jasmani sebesar 1,66 ml/kg/menit, penurunan kadar LDL darah 13,5 mg/dL dan peningkatan kadar HDL darah 7,5 mg/dL, secara bermakna sebelum dan sesudah intervensi diet dan olahraga. Sedangkan kadar kolesterol, hsCRP tidak berbeda secara bermakna sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Asupan diet harian berbeda secara bermakna sebelum dan sesudah intervensi 421,3 kkal/hari. Simpulan : Intervensi diet dan olahraga selama 8 minggu menurunkan indeks massa tubuh dan profil lipid, meningkatkan tingkat kesegaran jasmani, tetapi tidak didapatkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hsCRP. Kata kunci : obesitas, diet, olahraga, hsCRP, lipid darah