PEMBERDAYAAN INDUSTRI BATIK SKALA KECIL DI JAWA TENGAH (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten dan Kota Pekalongan)

Abstract

ABSTRAKSI Penelitian dilakukan pada usaha batik skala kecil di Pekalongan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk : (1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi industri kecil batik, (2) mengestimasi tingkat efisiensi produksi, (3) menganalisis tingkat keberdayaan industri batik skala kecil, dan (4) merumuskan strategi pemberdayaan industri batik skala kecil. Sebanyak 150 pelaku usaha batik skala kecil diambil sebagai sampel dengan teknik multistage sampling. Selain itu 15 orang keyperson yang ditentukan secara purposive diambil dari tokoh-tokoh yang memahami masalah usaha batik skala kecil. Analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan profil dan tingkat keberdayaan usaha batik skala kecil., Analisis efisiensi secara teknis (dengan Stochastic Frontier Production Function) dan alokatif dilakukan untuk mengetahui usaha batik skala kecil sudah beroperasi secara efisien atau belum. Untuk menentukan prioritas dalam pengembangan industri batik skala kecil dilakukan Focus Group Discussion (FGD), wawancara mendalam dengan keyperson, dan Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel bahan baku, bahan penolong, tenaga kerja, minyak tanah, dan kayu bakar berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi batik skala kecil. Variabel peralatan dan luas usaha tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Tingkat efisiensi teknis pelaku usaha batik skala kecil di daerah penelitian belum efisien dengan nilai rata-rata kurang dari satu (0,867). Demikian juga analisis efisiensi alokatif menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bahan baku, peralatan dan luas usaha tidak efisien, dengan nilai kurang dari 1. Tingkat keberdayaan pelaku usaha batik skala kecil rendah (kurang dari 50%). Pengembangan usaha batik skala kecil dapat dilakukan melalui strategi pemberdayaan yang didasarkan pada empat akses utama (usaha, pasar, SDM dan teknologi), pihak-pihak yang terkait serta prioritas jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Prioritas utama yang perlu dilakukan adalah pelatihan manajemen dan kreativitas produksi; pengawasan dan monitoring; menyediakan rumah dagang, outlet, agenda pameran, leaflet; memberikan informasi pasar, pameran perdagangan dan teknologi baru; serta mengadakan pelatihan SDM dan teknologi. Keyword: pemberdayaan, strategi, skala kecil, usaha, batik, produksi, Pekalongan. vii ABSTRACT The main objective of the study is to design the empowerment model for smallscale batik enterprises in Pekalongan, Central Java-Indonesia. The specific objectives are: (1) to analyze the factors influence towards batik production; (2) to estimate the efficiency of inputs used for batik production; (3) to identify the level of powerment of small-enterprises of batik in Pekalongan; (4) to formulate the strategy of empowerment for small batik enterpreses in the study area. There were 150 respondents selected from the batik enterprises in the study area using multi-stages sampling. In-depth interview had been carried out with 15 keypersons who competents with the batik industries’ activities. Descriptive statistics then was invoked to analysize the profile’s and the level of powerment of respondents. Then, production behavior and efficiency of batik’s small enterprises had been analyzed accordingly. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview were used as a media to construct the strategy of empowerment to enhance the performance of small-scale of Batik enterprises in Pekalongan. Further, the analysis of Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to provide the empirical evidence of the empowerment strategy as prioritized by the study. The results indicated that the variables of raw- and supplement-materials, labor, kerosine and wooden fuels were positively significant towards the batik production observed. Equipments and scale of enterprises were found not significant to influent the batik production. The average of technical efficiency was 0.867, this implies that the inputs used in production has not efficient yet. The level of powerment found relatively very low (below than 50%). The strategy should be outlined to improve the batik enterprises’ performace in the study area among others are through the four drivers, namely: (1) access in credits and/ or facilitations to run the business, (2) access in market; (3) access in man-power; (4) access in technology. Several priorities should be put on the empowerment strategy among others are: provide a suitable training program and extension to the producers or actors in order to meet the demand stipulated by consumers or market; monitoring, surveillance and evaluation of the batik’s production and distribution performance. Moreover, the house of expo or trading or outlet are indeed needed to be established and revitalized; then publish the agenda of the upcoming important events or occasion to the public by all means (such as leaflet, booklet, etc); always catch the chance and opportunities in the available events or occasion in domestic and oversea in order to promote and to expand the market for batik’s products. Lastly, always keep the market information updating and the technology used as well. Key-words: Empowerment, strategy, small-scale, enterprises, batik, production, Pekalongan