ANALISIS BIOEKONOMI UNTUK PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA KERANG SIMPING (Amusium plueronectes) DI KABUPATEN BATANG, JAWA TENGAH

Abstract

ABSTRACT Scallop (Amusium pleuronectes) is one kinds of fishery resources which has potency to be exploited because of its economic value in international trading. At Central Java Province, exactly at Batang Regency, it is one of regions that there is scallop catching. The aims of this research were to analyze scallop bioeconomic condition with MSY, MEY and OA indicators, to identify scallop producers profile (fishers and fish traders) and to give suggestions for scallop’s sustainable management in Batang Regency. The bioeconomy method in this research was Gordon-Schaefer surplus production model. The data that used in bioeconomic analysis were trips of catching effort and scallop production in 10 years (2000-2009). Identification of scallop producers profile was analyzed as the analysis of profit/loss, R/C (returncost ratio), and BEP (break even point). Results from bioeconomic and producer’s profile analysis were used as a base to give suggestion for sustainable scallop’s management in Batang Regency. Method of data sampling in this research was multistages sampling. The results of Gordon-Schaefer bioeconomic model showed that Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) of scallop production was 6713,31 kg/year and the effort of MSY (EMSY) 719 trips/year. The Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) of scallop production was 5103,23 kg/year and the effort of MEY (EMEY) 352,21 trips/year. While limitation for scallop production in Open Access condition was 5898,91 kg/year and the effort maximum 1050 trips/year. Profit/loss analysis for “Arad” fishers showed the profit for each trip was Rp252.500,00. R/C value was 1.42. It meant that the arad operations was still profitable. And the BEP production happened when the production was 3005,6 kg/year. The result of profit/loss analysis for fish traders showed that the profit was Rp 4.393.000,00 each month, R/C value was 1.34. It meant that this business was still profitable. BEP production for fish traders happened when 1315.61 kg/year production. The scallop’s resources management suggestion was by giving direction of cod-end meshsize to the fishers from 2 cm changed into 5 cm or using BED (Bycacth Excluder Device). Besides, there will be needed fishing gear diversification and fishing with alternate season to catch scallop. The social approach for fisheries society at research area was needed an assistant program for social empowerment so that they can increase their skills. Keywords: Scallop, Bioeconomic, Fisheries Management, Batang ABSTRAKSI Kerang Simping (Amusium pleuronectes) merupakan salah satu sumberdaya perikanan yang memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dalam perdagangan internasional. Provinsi Jawa Tengah, tepatnya di Kabupaten Batang merupakan salah satu daerah yang terdapat penangkapan kerang simping. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keadaan bioekonomi sumberdaya kerang simping dengan indikator MSY, MEY, dan OA, mengidentifikasi profil produsen kerang simping (nelayan dan pedagang), serta memberikan usulan pengelolaan sumberdaya kerang simping yang berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Batang. Metode analisis bioekonomi menggunakan model surplus produksi Gordon Schaefer dengan data jumlah trip penangkapan dan data produksi kerang simping selama 10 tahun (tahun 2000-2009). Identifikasi profil produsen dilakukan analisis Laba/Rugi, R/C, dan BEP. Hasil analisis bioekonomi dan profil produsen digunakan sebagai dasar untuk merumuskan usulan pengelolaan sumberdaya kerang simping yang berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Batang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode multistages sampling. Hasil analisis dengan Model Bioekonomi Gordon-Schaefer menghasilkan batasan penangkapan kerang simping lestari (MSY) sebanyak 6713,31 kg/tahun dan EMSY 719 trip/tahun. Sedangkan penangkapan optimum (MEY) 5103,23 kg/tahun dan EMEY 352,21 trip/tahun. Kondisi open access (OA) produksinya sebanyak 5898,91 kg/tahun dan EOA 1050 trip/tahun. Hasil analisis Laba/Rugi untuk usaha penangkapan Arad menunjukkan keuntungan rata-rata nelayan arad di TPI Roban Rp252.500,00/trip. Nilai R/C rata-rata 1,42 berarti usaha penangkapan arad masih layak. Sedangkan BEP produksi (titik impas) terjadi pada saat produksi 3005,6 kg/tahun. Sedangkan hasil analisis Laba/Rugi untuk pedagang kerang simping adalah keuntungan rata-rata Rp 4.393.000,00/bulan. Analisis R/C untuk pedagang secara rata-rata nilainya 1,34 berarti usaha ini layak. BEP produksi terjadi pada produksi 1315,61 kg/tahun. Usulan pengelolaan sumberdaya kerang simping adalah dengan mengarahkan ukuran mesh size bagian kantong (cod end) dari 2 cm menjadi 5 cm atau menambahkan BED (By-cacth Excluder Device). Selain itu juga melakukan diversifikasi alat tangkap dan pengaturan musim penangkapan. Pendekatan secara sosial terhadap masyarakat perikanan di tempat penelitian perlu adanya program pendampingan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan masyarakat Kata kunci: Kerang Simping, Bioekonomi, Manajemen Perikanan, Batang