UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK MENIRAN ( Phyllanthus niruri Linn. ) TERHADAP GASTROINTESTINAL MENCIT BALB/C

Abstract

Background: Meniran ( Phyllanthus niruri Linn. ) is one of the natural plants, used as a traditional medicine because of its sedative effect. One of the chemical compounds is tannin. High dose of tannin might cause excessive astringent effect leading to irritation on gastrointestinal mucous membrane. The aim of this study was to examine the acute toxicity effect of meniran on gastrointestinal tract of Balb/c mice. Method: This research was an experimental study using The Post Test Only Controlled Group Design. 25 male Balb/c mice were divided into 1 control group and 4 treatment groups. The treatment was given only on the first day. The control group was given aquadest. The other groups, P1 was given meniran extract with 5mg/kgBB dose, P2 50mg/kgBB, P3 500mg/kgBB, and P4 2000mg/kgBB. At 8th day, the Balb/c mice were terminated, gaster and duodenum were made into slides. Result: Oneway Anova test that was used to observe gaster histopathological showed significant difference between groups with p=0,000. Continued with post hoc analyze, there were significant difference between K-P1(p=0,003), K-P2(p=0,000), K-P3(p=0,000), K-P4(p=0,000), P1-P2(p=0,015), P1-P3(p=0,005), and P1-P4(p=0,000). Kruskal-Wallis test that was used to observe duodenum histopathological showed significant difference between groups with p=0,001. Continued with Mann-Whitney test ,there were significant difference between K-P2(p=0,025), K-P3(p=0,008), K-P4(p=0,008), P1-P3(p=0,017), P1-P4(p=0,008), P2-P3(p=0,033), P2-P4(p=0,008), and P3-P4(p=0,008). Conclusion: Acute treatment of meniran extract affect gastrointestinal histolopathological appearance. Common dossage used in population, meniran has a bad gastric and duodenum histopathological appearance. Keywords: Meniran, Phyllanthus niruri Linn., gastric histopathological, duodenum histopathological.