THE SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF ‘SMELL’ TERMS IN JAVANESE

Abstract

Semantic field of a word varies in every language since it is influenced by the culture where people originally come from. Javanese people have various terms in expressing smell. They differentiate each term based on what the object that causes smell is. This research is aimed at describing the semantic analysis of smell terms in Javanese. By using Lyon’s theory that is supported by the other linguists, this research shows semantic field of smell terms in Javanese and their definitions. In addition, componential meaning analysis (Nida, 1975) is used to know the differences of each term and find the meaning relations of it. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method (Moleong, 2007) as it describes smell terms in Javanese. In collecting the data, the researcher uses documentation technique (Mardalis, 2003) because the data that is related to the research is taken from Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Jawa (Sudarmanto, 2008). Meanwhile, the researcher uses total / jenuh sampling (Sugiyono, 1999) to be able to show differences among each words of Javanese smell terms clearly. In analyzing the data, teknik perluas or expansion method (Sudaryanto, 1993) is used to see how the word is grammatical or not if it is expanded. In addition, the researcher also uses substitution method (Sudaryanto, 1993) to see the substituted part is suitable with the data or not. From the analysis, the researcher finds twenty-nine smell terms in Javanese that can be categorized into pleasant and unpleasant smell terms. In general, the difference among those terms is on their collocation. Moreover, the researcher also finds the meaning relations, such as: hyponymy, synonymy, and antonymy. All smell terms can be grouped into five synonymy, one antonym, and two kinds of hypernymy and hyponymy. Synonymy is the meaning relation that is mostly appeared in Javanese smell terms. It is because some words almost have same semantic components, such as meaning, usage, collocation, etc. The difference things is usually in the Javanese speech level whether it is krama or ngoko level.