PRODUKSI ASTAXANTHIN Phaffia rhodozyma MELALUI TEKNIK FUSI PROTOPLAS

Abstract

Dewasa ini kebutuhan pigmen astaxanthin khususnya astaxanthin dalam budidaya perikanan semakin meningkat. Astaxanthin dibutuhkan sebagai makanan tambahan pada budidaya akuakultur dan petemakan karena meningkatkan nilai gizi dan ketahanan terhadap penyakit bagi hewan yang mengkonsumsi. Sintesis astaxanthin secara kimiawi sangat kompleks dan mahal, oleh karena itu dicari amber astaxanthin alami dari mikroorganisme. Phaffia rhadozyma adalah khainir penghasil astaxanthin sebagai pigmen utania namun produksinya < 500 jig total astaxanthin per gram khamir sedanglcan kebutuhannya mencapai 3000 pg g -1 (Johnson & Schroeder, 1996). Penelitian ini menerapkan teknik fusi protoplas intrastrain untuk mengembangkan kemampuan P. rhodazytna dalam rnenghasilkan astaxanthin. Teknik fusi protoplas dilakulcan dalam tiga tahap yaitu isolasi protoplas, proses fusi protoplas dan regenerasi protoplas. Pusan yang diperoleh, diuji kandungan DNA-nya dan kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan pigmen karotenoid dibandingkan dengan induknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi teknik fusi protoplas dapat meningkatkan produlcsi pigmen karotenoid sebesar 2.03 kali lebih besar dari induk P.rhodozyma. Selain itu telah diperoleh fusan (fusan 5) dengan produksi karotenoid mencapai 252,95 pWg bsk dengan perkiraan produksi astaxanthin mencapai 215 pg/g berat kering set The demand for the natural astaxanthin has substantially increased. Though this can be manufactured synthetically, these will cause complexity and high cost of chemically synthetic astaxanthin. Carotenoids are required as feed supplements in the poultry industry and in aquaculture of fishes and crustaceans. Besides providing nutrition and possibly disease resistance, carotenoids give brilliant pigmentation and esthatic value to crustacea, animals and birds (Chien dan Jeng, 1991). The yeast Xamhopyllomyees dendrorhous (formerly Phaffia rhodozyma) is the known yeast that produce astaxanthin (3,3'dihydroxy-b-carotene-4,4'-dione) as its primary pigments and therefore is considered to be the best biological source of this carotenoid. However, as natural isolates of P. rhodozvma produce relative low amounts of astaxanthin < 500 tug of total astaxanthin per grain of cell compare with the needs 3000 i;ug g -I (Johnson & Schroeder, 1996). The needs of highly producing astaxanthin organisms has lead to production of several mutans using fusion protoplast experiment (Nagy, 1995). The work is being carried out in three stages; first, isolation of protoplast. Second, intrastrain fusion of protoplasts, and third , the regeneration of protoplasts which produce an increase yieds of carotenoids i.e astaxanthin, compare with wild type. The result of the study is obtaining the mutan with increased yields of earotenoid pigments up to 2.03 times the levels of wild type. Carotenoids accumulated to a level as high as 252.95 i.ig/g of yeast dry matter.