PENGARUH JUMLAH KATALIS ZEOLIT ALAM ASAM DALAM PROSES PERENGKAHAN ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA

Abstract

Coconut shell is the hardest pad of a coconut that contains of selulose (36,3%), lignin (28,3%), hemiselulose (25,1%), extractive (8,3%) dan inorganik compounds (0,7%). By pyrolisis process can be produce a biofuel as a product of thermal degradation. The aims of this research are to get an acidic natural zeolite catalyst with high effectiveness and to study the effect of catalyst content to the product of cracking process of the biofuel. The acidic natural zeolite catalyst was prepared by: activation, calcination and hydrothermal of natural zeolite from wonosari. The catalyst characters that are Si/AI ratio, acidity, surface area, pore volume and average pore were analyzed by Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS), NH3 adsorption method and BET surface area analyzer, respectively. The cracking processes by variation of catalyst content were done in batch reactor and the liguid product were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Product of catalyst preparation is acidic natural zeolite catalyst with Si/AI ratio = 10,25, acidity = 5,18 mmol/gram, surface area = 96,60 (m2/g), pore volume = 51,00. 104 (cc/g) and average pore = 10,56 (A). The most effective of cracking process was the process that conducted by using 2 gram of catalyst. Tempurung kelapa adalah bagian paling keras dari buah kelapa yang tersusun dari selulosa (36,3%), lignin (28,3%), hemiselulosa (25,1%), ekstraktif (8,3%) dan zat-zat anorganik sebanyak (0,7%). Dengan proses pirolisis akan diperoleh asap cair hasil degradasi termal polimer penyusun tempurung kelapa tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan katalis zeolit alam asam dengan efektivitas yang tinggi serta mempelajari pengaruh jumlah katalis terhadap produk perengkahan asap cair tempurung kelapa. Katalis zeolit alam asam dibuat melalui tahap: aktivasi, kalsinasi dan proses hidrotermal zeolit alam wonosad. Karakter katalis meliputi rasio Si/AI, keasaman, luas permukaan, volume pod dan rerata jejari pod, masing-masing ditentukan dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (AAS), metode adsorpsi NH3 dan BET surface area analyzer. Perengkahan asap cair temputung kelapa dengan variasi berat katalis dilakukan dengan reactor batch dan produk cair yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan GC dan GC-MS. Hasil preparasi katalis menghasilkan katalis zeolit alam asam dengan Rasio Si/AI = 10,25, keasaman = 5,18 mmol/gram, luas permukaan = 96,60 (m2/g) volume pod = 51,00. 10-3 (cc/g) dan rerata jejari pod = 10,56 (A). Proses perengkahan asap cair tempurung kelapa efektif terjadi pada penggunaan katalis seberat 2 gram.