UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri) TERHADAP HEPAR MENCIT BALB/C

Abstract

Background: Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) is one of the traditional medicines widely used in society. Meniran believed to have hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory effects. Liver plays an important role in drugs biotransformation so that its potential damage is very high. This study was aimed to know the acute toxicity effects of meniran extract on liver of Balb/c mice. Method: This research was a laboratory experimental study using the post test only controlled group design. The samples were 25 Balb/c mice, randomly divided into 5 groups. K was a control group which was only given aquadest. P1, P2, P3, and P4 were treatment group which were given meniran extract 5 mg/kgBW, 50 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, and 2000 mg/kgBW. The extract was orally given with gastric tube on the first day. At 8th day, the Balb/c mice were terminated than the livers were observed. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test for macroscopic morphological and volume of liver showed there were no significantly difference with p=0,406 and p=0,054. The highest liver histopathologycal score was in P4 group. The score evaluated parenchymatous degeneration, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant difference (p=0,000). Continued with Mann-Withney test that showed significant difference in K-P2 (p=0,009), K-P3 (p=0,009), K-P4 (p=0,009), P1-P2 (p=0,016), P1-P3 (p=0,009), P1-P4 (p=0,009), P2-P3 (p=0,028), and P2-P4 (p=0,009). Conclusions: In the acute treatment of meniran extract, the macroscopic appearance of liver between the control group which compared with treatment groups did not significantly difference and the microscopic appearance of the liver between the control group which compared with treatment groups was significantly difference. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, meniran, meniran toxicity test