Amobilisasi Enzim dengan Menggunakan Membran Mikrofiltrasi

Susanto, Heru and Budiyono, Budiyono and Sumantri, Indro and Aryanti, Nita (2003) Amobilisasi Enzim dengan Menggunakan Membran Mikrofiltrasi. Documentation. FAKULTAS TEKNIK.

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Abstract

Enzymatic reaction using immobilized enzyme has been proven as an efficient technique for several industrial application. Many conventional immobilize methods have been developed. However, these conventional methods have significance disadvantage i.e. inhibition effect could not be reduced. Physical immobilize technique using porous media has more advantages than conventional immobilize method such as high enzyme activity (no enzyme conformation), regenerated media, and suitable for product and substrate with equal molecular weight. Moreover, the continuous removal of one or more inhibitor products immediately is another attractive feature of this technique. The objectives of the research are to study enzyme entrapment mechanism in micro porous media and to study the effect of operation parameters on immobilize product (%) and immobilize density (unit of enzyme activity per media volume). In order to obtain the objective, the research were divided into enzyme characterization, membrane characterization, study of membrane stability, module design and enzyme immobilize. Enzyme characterization was conducted to determine enzyme molecular weight and enzyme activity. On the other hand, the outcomes of membrane characterization are pore diameter and pore structure. The determination of pore diameter was carried out using Bubble Point Method, while pore structure was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy. In this research, a¬amylase,13-amylase and hollow fiber Polietersulfone microfiltration membrane have been used. The membrane characterization result shows that PES has pore diameter of 0,21.tm with reverse asymmetric pore structure while membrane permeability is 46,88 Um2hr. This membrane characterization is suitable for microfiltration specification. Membrane module design was conducted with specification of fiber diameter, effective fiber length, number of fiber, and membrane area are 1.7 mm, 20 cm, 4, and 42, respectively. Enzyme entrapment mechanism by comparing pure water permeability before and after entrapment indicates the flux decline of 70-80%. In addition, enzyme entrapment mechanism by contacting enzyme solution to membrane surface results on membrane performance decrease of 8-9 % due to amylase absorption. The effects of pressure on enzyme immobilize were carried out at pressure of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 kg/cm2. The flux in the first few minutes were found to decrease sharply with increasing TMP because higher TMP, higher protein consolidation. The impacts of enzyme concentration on entrapment loading/ immobilized result and activity were conducted by varying enzyme concentration. The experimental outcome shows that the immobilize result is 85%, achieved at enzyme concentration of 1300 UA/L.Reaksi enzimatik dengan enzim teramobilisasi telah terbukti sebagai teknik yang elision dalam beberapa aplikasi industri. Sampai saat ini banyak metode amobilisasi yang telah dikembangkan. Namun demikian, teknik konvensional mempunyai kendala yang sangat mengganggu, yaitu tidak dapat mereduksi efek inhibisi. Teknik amobilisasi secara fisik menggunakan media berpori menawarkan beberapa keuntungan dibandingkan dengan teknik amobilisasi konvensional seperti aktivitas enzim tetap tinggi (tidak terjadi konformasi enzim, media dapat diregenerasi, dan sesuai untuk kasus yang melibatkan substrat da produk dengan berat molekul yang hampir sama. Penyisihan satu atau lebih jenis produk inhibitor secara sinambung merupakan keunggulan menarik lain dari teknik ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari mekanisme penjebakan enzim pada media mikroporous dan mempelajari pengaruh berbagai parameter operasi terhadap perolehan amobilisasi (%) dan densitas amobilisasi (unit aktivitas enzim per satuan volume media). Tahapan penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan meliputi karakterisasi enzim, karakterisasi membran, studi stabilitas membran, desain modul dan amobilisasi enzim. Karakterisasi enzim dilakukan untuk mengetahui berat molekul dan aktivitas enzim. Sedangkan karakterisasi membran yang diuji adalah ukuran pori dan struktur pod. Penentuan ukuran pori dilakukan dengan Metode Bubble Point, sedangkan struktur pori diketahui menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan enzim pemecah pati (a-amylase dan (i-amylase) dan membran Polietersulfon (PES). Hasil karakterisasi membran menunjukkan bahwa PES memiliki ukuran pori 0,2 urn dan struktur pori reverse asymmetric sehingga sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diharapkan sebagai membran mikrofiltrasi dengan permeabilitas awal membran sebesar 46,88 Ile, jam. Desain modul membran telah dilakukan dengan spesifikasi: diameter fiber 1,7 mm; panjang efekfif 20 cm; jumlah fiber setiap modul 4 buah; dan luas membran 42 cm2. Mekanisme penjebakan enzim dengan membandingkan permeabilitas air murni sebelum dan setelah penjebakan enzim menunjukkan bahwa penurunan fluks setelah penjebakan berkisar 78-80 % dari fluks awal. Sedangkan mekanisme penjebakan enzim dengan pengontakan larutan enzim ke permukaan membran menunjukkan bahwa adsorbsi amilase pada permukaan membran terhadap penurunan kinerja membran sekitar 8-9 %. Pengaruh tekanan terhadap amobilisasi enzim dilakukan pada tekanan 0,4; 0,8; dan 1,2 kg/cm2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan fluks pada menit-menit awal semakin tajam dengan meningkatnya TMP, semakin tinggi TMP kemungkinan terjadinya konsolidasi protein semakin besar. Pengaruh konsentrasi enzim terhadap beban penjebakan / perolehan amobilisasi dan aktivitas dilakukan dengan cara memvariasikan konsntrasi enzim. Hasil penelifian menunjukkan bahwa prosentase perolehan amobilisasi maksimum dicapai pada konsentrasi enzim 1300 UA/L sebesar 85%.

Item Type:Monograph (Documentation)
Subjects:Q Science > QD Chemistry
Divisions:Faculty of Engineering > Department of Chemical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering > Department of Chemical Engineering
ID Code:21989
Deposited By:Mr UPT Perpus 5
Deposited On:07 Sep 2010 09:04
Last Modified:07 Sep 2010 09:04

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