PERSPEKTIF PERTUMBUHAN COMPENSATORY DALAM UPAYA EFISIENSI PAKAN PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA MERAH (Oreochromis sp) DI TAMBAK (KAJIAN LABORATORIS)

Santoso, Adi and Djunaedi, Ali (2005) PERSPEKTIF PERTUMBUHAN COMPENSATORY DALAM UPAYA EFISIENSI PAKAN PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA MERAH (Oreochromis sp) DI TAMBAK (KAJIAN LABORATORIS). Documentation. FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN ILMU KELAUTAN.

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Abstract

Ikan nila merah (Oreochromis sp.) mempunyai keunggulan-keunggulan untuk dibudidayakan di laut. Masalah utama di dalam budidaya adalah semakin mahalnya harga pakan, sedangkan 60% biaya operasional dari usaha budidaya adalah untuk penyediaan pakan ini. Memperbaiki feeding strategy dalam upaya efisiensi dan penghemaian pakan, dengan mengaplikasikan pertumbuhan compensatory, merupakan suatu kebutuhan tanpa mengorbankan kuantitas maupun kualitas produk (hasil budidaya). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1). Mengevaluasi fenomena pertumbuhan compensatory, dan (2). Mengevaluasi kualitas produk (body composition), dari ikan nila merah yang dibudidayakan di air laut dengan mengukur kandungan protein, lemak, karbohidrat, dan kadar airnya. Penelitian dilakukan dad pertengahan Juli sampai pertengahan September 2005 di hatchery Ilmu Kelautan FPK Undip, Teluk Awur, Jepara. Benih ikan nila merah dengan berat rata-rata 38,1 gram dan panjang rata-rata 10,15 cm tanpa rnembedakan jenis kelamin, sebelumnya diaklimatisasikan pada kondisi air tambak dengan cara menaikkan salinitas secara bertahap sampai dicapai salinitas air tambak 15 ppt (Suryanti dkk., 1991), dipelihara dalam bak-bak percobaan dengan kepadatan 5 ekor/m3. Masing-masing .bak percobaan/aquarium berisi 12 ekor ikan. Perlakuan pemuasaan dengan 3 kali pengulangan selama empat minggu percobaan, yaitu: ikan diberi pakan setiap hari (A/kontrol); ikan diberi pakan selama 6 had diikuti pemuasaan 1 hari (B); ikan diberi pakan selama 5 had diikuti pemuasaan 2 hari (C); dan, ikan diberi pakan selarna 5 hari diikuti pemuasaan 3 had (D). Pakan diberikan dua kali sehari sebanyak 5% dad biomassa. Pengamatan pertumbuhan (berat) dilakukan seminggu sekali. Analisa body composition dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar protein, lemak, karbohidrat dan air (%). Pertumbuhan (berat) ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik yang menggambarkan trend pertumbuhan mingguan dart masing-masing perlakuan untuk dianalisa secara deskriptif. Terhadap pertumbuhan (berat), analisa regresi dilakukan dimana koefisien regresi atau slope adalah menggambarkan tingkat atau kecepatan pertumbuhan (gram/minggu). Analisa sidik ragatn (Anova) dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap pertumbuhan dan body composition (kadar protein, lemak dan air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan pada semua perlakuan mengalami pertumbuhan compensatory:6,30 gram/minggu (perlakuan A/kontrol); 8,35 gram/minggu (perlakuan B); 3,25 gram/minggu (perlakuan C); dan 4,89 gram/minggu (perlakuan D). Tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam tingkat pertumbuhan dart keempat perlakuan. Kualitas produk yang dihasilkan juga tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dalam kadar protein, lemak, karbohidrat, dan air. Kadar protein masih dalam kadar yang normal untuk nila merah (>18%). Kadar lemak rendah, yaitu 1,50-1,80%, atau hampir seperdua kadar lemak yang ada pada pakan ikan (3-5%). Rendahnya kadar lemak diikuti dengan kadar air yang tinggi (>70%), yang menyebabkan tekstur daging lebih lunak. Kadar karbohidrat antara 2,7-4,8%. Dengan demikian, melalui penelitian dalam skala laboratorium ini dapat dilakukan efisiensi pakan 10-40% dengan tidak mengorbankan kuantitas maupun kualitas produk (daging ikan). Red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) has considerable attention as a marine culture fish because of their high quality performance. Main problem on the culture is due to the high price of food; and, about 60% of culture's operational expense is for the need of the food. Proper feeding strategy is crucial to work under an efficient basis and save the food, by application the compensatory growth, without lowering both quantity and quality of the fish. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate compensatory growth occurred, and, (2) to evaluate red tilapia's body composition consisting the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and water (%). The experiment was commenced from the middle of July to the middle of September 2005 at the hatchery of Marine Science, Undip, in Teluk Awur-Jepara. Red tilapias of mean weight of 38.10 g and of mean length of 10.15 cm were acclimated in brackish water pond conditions. The fish were cultured in the tank with a density of 5 fish/m3 (12 fish/tank). The treatments were fish fed daily (A/control); fish fed 6 days—a day unfed (B); fish fed 5 days-2 days unfed; and fish fed 4 days-3 days tinted (D). Feeding frequency was twice a day with 5% of the biomass. Growth was measured weekly. For fish quality analysis (body composition), it was done by measuring the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and water (%). The growth performed on both table and graphic that showing the trend of weekly growth of each treatment was to be analyzed descriptively. In the relation to growth, regression analysis was performed, in which the regression coefficient or slope was to represent the growth rate (g/week). ANOVA tests were to test the influence of the treatments to the growth and body composition (percentages of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and water). The result showed that all of fish at the difference treatments tended to grow compensatorily and, the growth rates were 6.30 g/week (A), 8.35 g/week (B), 3.25 g/week(C), and 4.89 g/week (D). Statistically, however there was no significant difference of the growth among the fish. There was no difference for the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and water. In general, the protein content was above 18%, and it was the normal condition for the fish. The fat contents in the range of 1.50 to 1.80 % was to indicate that the value was low nearly a half of fat content of the food given (3¬5%). The low fat contents was followed by the high water contents (>70%) that made the flesh texture became soft. Carbohydrate was between 2.74 to 4.8%. Therefore, by this study under the laboratory condition it could be achieved efficiency of food about 10 to 40% without sacrificing both quantity and quality of the product (fish meat).

Item Type:Monograph (Documentation)
Subjects:S Agriculture > SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling
Divisions:Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences > Department of Marine Science
ID Code:21863
Deposited By:Mr UPT Perpus 2
Deposited On:06 Sep 2010 09:52
Last Modified:06 Sep 2010 09:52

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