Suthama, Nyoman and Ardiningsasi, Sri Murni and Nasoetion, Maulana Hamonangan (2003) KAPASITAS RIBOSOMAL DAN AKTIVITAS ENSIM PROTEASE PADA SALURAN PENCERNAANAYAM KEDU PERIODE STARTER. Documentation. FAKULTAS PETERNAKAN.
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Abstract
Kedu chickens as indigenous breed, which are conaidered to have better genetic potensial as compared to other native chickens, are still in discussion. Facts in the field-farm indicated high mortality and low productivity and reproduction capasity for both in situ as well as a situ breeding methods of the extensive or semi-intensive rearing system. The present study was aimed to evaluate phyisiologically development of digestive tract based on the ribosome capasity and protease activity in Kedi chickens obtained from in situ breeding system. Ribosome capacity and enzyme activity are the factor of among other factors that can be adopted for the basic purposes of improving feeding system and of long term Meal breed quality determination. The better breed quality with higher physiologically adaptation againts environmental conditions are indirectly correlated with ribosome capasity and protease activity in the digestive tract. The improvement of digestive tract growth is the indication of nutritional uptake ability for production and maintenance as well as animal health. The development of digestive tract, especially small intestine, observed in the present study based on the aspects of quantitative (length and weight) and qualitative (DNA, RNA:protein ratio, and protease activity) according to the growth pattern based on age differences (time cource), starting on 2 weeks old (time interval was 2 weeks) and completing on 10 weeks of age. Experimental animals used in the present study were 50 birds and 10 birds were decapitated in 2 weeks interval. The DNA, RNA and protein were liberated using the prodedure of Shibko et at (1967). The DNA concentration was assayed with diphenylamine (Burton, 1968) with calf • thymus as working standard, and the RNA content was analyzed by the orcinol procedure -.(Schneider, 1957) using baker's yeast RNA as working standard. Total 'protein was -4 determined through gravimetric method after DNA, RNA and lipid exctraction. Statistical analysis was subjected to analysis of variance continued to Duncan test to compare among time (age) of observation. Ribosome capasity was tested using regresion analysis (Sudjana, 1983), to estimate the maximal development of digestive tract. The results show that the development of digestive tract (small intestine) for both quantitative aspect (length and weight) as well as qualitative aspect (DNA, RNA and protein concentrations) were significantly increased (P<0,05) with the increase in age until 10 weeks old. In general, the speed of small intestine development can be observed, but the increase in length tended to be slow when the young age because there was no significant difference between the ages of 2 and 4 weeks. The DNA concentration indicated similar values between 4 and 6 weeks and between 8 and 10 weeks of age. However, the increase in ribosome capasity with increasing age was far lower than that in commercial chickens (broiler and laying chickens). Activity of protease both in the small intestine and pancreas increased significantly (11<0,05). The growth of small intestine quantitatively (length and weight) and qualitatively (DNA, RNA and protein concentration, and ribosome capasity) increased until 10 weeks old. The increase in protease activity of 8 or 10 weeks old chickenswas ranged between 3 — 3.5 times and 4 — 4.5 times higher than that of 2 weeks old for small intestine and pancreas, respectively. Ribosome capasity (RNA/protein) increased with increasing age, although the rate of increase was small starting on 8 weeks old. Ayam Kedu sebagai plasma nutfah yang dianggap inempunyai potensi genetik lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ayam lokal pada umumnya, masih merupakan wacana saja. Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa angka mortalitas cukup tinggi dan kemampuan produksi dan reproduksi masih rendah, baik pada pemeliharaan in situ maupun ex situ sepanjang pemeliharaan rnasih bersifat ekstensif dan semi-intensif. Penelitian dasar ini mengkaji tentang fisiologis perkembangan alat pencernaan dilthat dad kapasitas ribosomal dan ensim protease pada ayam Kedu yang berasal dad perneliharaan in situ. Pengamatan terhadap kapasitas ribosomal dan kegiatan ensimatis merupakan satu diantara beberapa faktor yang dapat dipakai sebagai landasan untuk perbaikan pola ransum dan penentuan kriteria mutu bibit dalam jangka panjang. Mutu bibit yang baik dengan ketahanan fisiologis terhadap lingkungan yang tinggi secara tidak langsung berhubungan dengan kapasitas ribosomal dan aktivitas ensim protease dalam alat pencernaan. Perkembangan organ pencemaan merupakan indikator dad kemampuan dalam memanfaatkan nutrisi untuk produksi dan hidup pokok termasuk kesehatan. Pengamatan terhadap perkembangan alat pencernaan ditakukan secara kuantitatif (panjang, dan bobot) dan kualitatif (DNA, rasio RNA-proteirvkapasitas ribosomal dan ensim protease) dengan mengikuti pola pertumbuhan berdasarkan perbedaan umur (time course), mulai umur 2 minggu (dengan interval waktu 2 minggu) danberakhir pada umur 10 tninggu. Sumlah ayam yang diamati 50 ekor dengan dekapitasi sebanyak 10 ekor setiap 2 minggu. Parameter yang diamati seperti telah ditulis diatas meliputi konsentrasi DNA, RNA dan protein jaringan serta aktivitas ensim 'protease pada pankreas maupun usus halus. Kandungan DNA, RNA dan protein dibebaskan memakai metode Shibko et at (1967). Konsentrasi DNA dianalisis dengan dipenilamin (Burton, 1968) memakai RNA standar dad - thymus sapi, dan RNA diukur dengan prosedur "orcinol" (Schneider, 1957) memakai RNA mgi roti sebagai standar. Protein total ditentukan menurut metode gravimetri dilakukan ekstrasi RNA, DNA dan lemak. Data diolah statistik menurut analisis ragam dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan untuk membandingkan antar waktulumur pengamatan. Khusus data kapasitas ribosomal diuji dengan perhitungan iegresi (Sudjana, 1983), untuk menentukan saat perkembangan alat pencemaan paling maximaL • Hasil menunjukkan baheva perkembangan saluran pencemaan (usus halus) baik secara kuantitaif (bobot dan panjang) maupun kualitatif (konsentrasi DNA, RNA dan protein) semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur sampai 10 minggu (P<0,05). Meskipun secara umum percepatan perkembangan usus halus tampak meningkat, tetapi pertambahan panjang agak tersedat pada umur awal, karena tampak tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara umur 2 dam4 minggu. Berbeda halnya dengan konsentrasi DNA yang menunjukkan nilai yang sama antara umur 4 dan 6 minggu maupun antara umur 8 dan 10 minggu. Aktivitas protease meningkat pesat (P<0,05) baik pada usus halus maupun pankreas. Kapasitas ribosomal meningkat secara nyata (P<0,05) seiring dengan bertambahnya urnur dengan peningkatan yang jault lebih rendah dibandingkan ayam ras (broiler maupun petelur). Secara kuantitatif (bobot dan panjang) maupun kualitatif (konsentrasi RNA, DNA dan protein serta kapasitas ribosomal), perkembangan saluran pencernaan (usus halus) meningkat hampir linier sampai umur 10 minggu. Peningkatan aktivitas protease berkisar antara 3 — 3,5 kali dan 4 — 4,5 kali lebih tinggi masing-masing untuk usus halus dan pankreas pada umur 8 atau 10 minggu dibandingkan dengan umur awal (2 minggu). Kapasitas ribosomal (rasio RNA/protein) meningkat sesuai dengan bertambahnya umur, meskipun peningkatan tersebut cukup kecil mulai umur 8 minggu.
Item Type: | Monograph (Documentation) |
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Subjects: | S Agriculture > SF Animal culture |
Divisions: | Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences > Department of Animal Agriculture |
ID Code: | 21489 |
Deposited By: | Mr UPT Perpus 5 |
Deposited On: | 31 Aug 2010 11:03 |
Last Modified: | 31 Aug 2010 11:03 |
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