EFEK RADIOTERAPI TERHADAP JUMLAH LEUKOSIT DAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA PENDERITA KARSINOMA NASOFARING : (Peneitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan serial waktu)

Abstract

Backgrounds: The haemopoetic system, which consists of organs and cells circulating in the vessels, among them is the leucocyte which play role in the body’s immunity. The other part is erythrocyte, consists of haemoglobin which play role in the body’s oxygenation. Radiotherapy administered to the whole body cause disturbance on the haemopoetic system. However, the real question lays upon why radiation done on the head and neck area like what is given to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients can trigger disturbance on the haemopoetic system especially concerning the quantity of leucocyte and haemoglobin level. Objective: To reveal the fact that radiotherapy poses some effect on the quantity of leucocyte and haemoglobin level. Methods: This study was an observasional analytic with a time series approach. Samples were obtained from a patient population whose meet the inclusion criteria: no other tumour, never received radiotherapy before, currently not receiving citostatic therapy, and reaches the Karnovsky index more than 70. Drop-out is defined when the patient refuses to continue therapy, age more than 65 years old and if the patients dies. Total samples were 30 patients. Radiotherapy was performed by external radaition with a Co-60 equipment. The field of ray was latero-lateral. The fracsination dosage was 200 rad/day given 5 days a week to reach the dose of 1000 rad/week. The quantity of leucocyte an haemoglobin level were examined; before radiation, on total radiation of 2000 rad, 4000rad and 6000 rad. The quantity of leucocyte was examined using counting chamber and haemoglobin level was examined using Sahli’s method. The data analysis was performed using ANOVA parametric statistical test. Results: There were significant difference between leucocyte count and hemoglobin level in the groups studied (p < 0,05.) Conclusion: Radiotherapy performed on NPC patients is proven to decrease the quantity and haemoglobin level. Keywords: Radiotherapy, NPC, leucocyte quantity and haemoglobin level.