SUPLEMENTASI MINYAK BIJI KAPOK TERPROTEKSI DALAM RANSUM TERNAK DOMBA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAGING RENDAH KOLESTEROL KAYA ASAM LEMAK OMEGA 6

Abstract

The tropical forages ussually poor, rapid to mature, thus its digestibility and total digestible nutrient (TDN) is low. There fore, high concentrate diet must be fed to obtain the adequate animal performance, so that economically ineficient. Unsaturated fatty acids supplementation (in this case were using kapok seed oil as source of polyunsaturated fatty acids ) were hoped could enhanching energy density. Kapok seed supplementation, in turn tobe hoped can enhanced feed efficientcy throughout reducing of concentrate feeding. Unsaturated fatty acids can reduces metan (CH4) production, so that enhanches energy efficientcy an/or metabolic efficientcy throughout altering ruminal fermentation pattern as decreasing of acetic acid/propionic acid (A/P) ratio. The predominant polyunsaturated in kapok seed oil were linoleic acid. Feeding of it were combined with partial protection treatment in ration can improve the ruminal metabolic efficiency and suplies polyunsaturated fatty acids, and turn enhanches productivity and product quality, namely the altering lipid composition of animal product which can supplies essential fatty acids especially omega 6 fatty acids requirement and controled the cholesterol level for consumers of it. The first year investigation was conducted to study the influence of protected kapok seed oil supplementation on fiber utility, ruminal fermentation pattern and lipids ruminal profile. Grass land, kapok seed oil, and sheep rumen fluid were used as experimental material. There were two treatment factors, namely Kapok seed supplementation (S) as factor 1 and protection by KOH as factor 2 respectivelly. The factor 1 consist of 4 levels were 0 % (SO); 5% (SI); 10 % (S2) and 15 % (S3), wheareas factor 2 consist of 5 levels were : 0 % (P0); 25 %(P1); 50 % (P2); 75 % (P3) and 100 % (P4). The measurement variables included : In Vitro NDF, DM and OM digestibility, VFA, NH3 and total protein production. Ruminal fermentation pattern variables were measured consist of molar proportion of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in addition to A/P ratio, wheareas ruminal lipid profile included iodine number, proportion of linoleic acid and stearic acid. The collected data were statistical analized by analysis of variance with factorial treatment pattern in completelly randomized design. Result of this investigation showed that kapok seed oil (KSO) supplementation at 5 % level wityhout protyection, did not influence the fiber utility. The fiber utility weredecrease, if KSO supplementation was increased upto 10 % or more than it without protection. The decreasing of fiber utility enhanches to be joined with increasing of KSO spplementation levels. Kapok seed oil protection by KOH could improve the utility of fiber, which reflected in increasing of in vitro NDF, DM and OM digestibility of grassland were supplemented by 10 nad 15 % KSO. Supplementation of KSO up to 5 % did not influence total protein production. The increasing of KSO supplementation up to 10 % or more than it, decrease total protein production. Protection of KSO supplemen at that level will improved total protein production, up to its production rate equivalent to total protein production of controle group, supplementation of KSO at 10 % level combined with 50; 75 and 100 % protection levels. The highest total protein production was found in treatmen combination between supplementation KSO 10 % with 75 % protection level. Supplementation of KSO at 10 % level or more than it decreased A/P ratio. Unsaturated fatty acids protection, tend to increases A/P ratio in each of supplementation level. Ratio of A/P tend to increased a long with increasing of protection level. The increasing of KSO supplementation decreased the saturation of ruminal fatty acids. Protection in all of KSO supplementation levels decreased of ruminal fatty acids saturation. The saturation to be low if protection level to be high. Supplementation of KSO increased of linoleic acid proportion. The increasing of KSO supplementation level (up to 15 %), the increasing of linoleic acid proportion were higher. Protection of KSO supplemen were increases of linoleic acid proportion in each supplementation level. Linoleic acid proportion in treatment group of KSO supplementation 10 and 15 % which combined with 50 — 100 % protection level, resulted in average proportion of linoleic acid between 42 to 45 %, with the highest value was found in treatment combination between 15 % KSO supplementation level and 75 % protection level. Based on this investigation result, comboination treatment between 10 % KSO supplementation level and 75 % protection level were best combination treatment to be applied in further more in in vivo investigation. Hijauan tropik pada umumnya berkualitas rendah, cepat tua, dengan demikian kandungan "total digestible nutrient" (TDN) dan kecernaannya rendah. Untuk menghasilkan performans ternak yang memadai perlu porsi konsentrat tinggi, sehingga kurang ekonomis. Suplementasi asam lemak takjenuh (dalam hal ini menggunakan minyak bioji kapok sebagai sumber asam lemak takjenuh ganda) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan densitas energi. Suplementasi minyak biji kapok dengan demikian daiharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemberioan pakan metalui pengurangan konsentrat.. Asam lemak takjenuh dapat mengurangi produksi metan (CH4) sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan/atau efisiensi metabolik dengan pengubahan pola fermentasi ruminal berupa penurunan nisbah asam asetat/asam propionat (A/P). Asam lemak takjenuh ganda yang predominan dalam minyak biji kapok (MBK) adalah asam linoleat. Suplai asam lemak tersebutdalam ransum disertai proteksi parsial, selain akanmemperbaiki efisiensi metabolisme ruminal juga dapat mensuplai asam lemak takjenuh ganda bagi ternak, yang pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas produk, berupa perubahan komposisi lipida produk ternak, yang bagi konsumen produk ternak tersebut berguna dalam pengendalian kolesterol dan pemenuhan kebuutuhan akan asam lemak esensial, utamanya asam lemak omega 6. Penelitian tahun pertama dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi MBK tersaponifikasi/terproteksi terhadap utilitas serat, pola fermentasi ruminal dan profit lipida ruminal. Sebagai bahan percobaan, digunakan rumput lapangan, minyak biji kapok dan cairan rumen ternak domba. Terdapat dua faktor yakni suplementasi MBK sebagai faktorl, yang terdiri atas 4 aras perlakuan, SO, SI, S2 dan S3, masing-masing 0; 5; 10 dan 15 MBK. Adapun faktor II adalah proteksi menggunakan KOH, dengan 5 aras proteksi, yakni 0; 25; 50; 75 dan 100 persen. Variabel yang diukur meliputi KcNDF, KcBK, KcB0, produksi VFA, NH3 dan protein total.. Untuk pola fermentasi ruminal, diukur proporsi molar asam asetat, propionat dan butirat serta nisbah A/P., sedangkan untuk mengkaji profit lipida ruminal, diukur proporsi asam linoleat, asam stearat dan bilangan iodine (B1). Terhadap data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis ragarn pola perl;akuan faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap. : Hasil penelitian m,enunjukkan bahwa suplementasi minyak biji kapok (MBK) 5 % tanpa proteksi, tidak mempengaruhi utilitas pakan serat. Utilitas serat menurun hila arassuplementasi MBK ditingkatkan menjadi 10 % atau lebih tanpa proteksi. Penurunan utilitas serat makin besar sejalan dengan makin tingginya aras suplementasi MBK. Proteksi asam lemak takjenuh dengan KOH dapatmemperbaiki utilitas pakan serat, yang tercermin pada peningkatan KcNDF, KcBK dan KcB0 rumput lapangan yang tersuplementasi MBK 10 dan 15 %. Suplementasi MBK sampai 5 tak berpengaruh pada produksi protein total . Peningkatan sampai 10 % ke atas, menurunkan produksi protein total. Proteksi suplemen MBK pada aras tersebut akan memperbaiki produksi protein total, hingga tingkat produksinya setara dengan produksi protein total kelompok kontrol . Suplementasi MBK 10 % dengan kombinasi aras proteksi 50, 75 dan 100 %. Produksi protein total tertinggi dijumpai pada kombinasi perlakuan suplementasi MBK 10 % dengan aras proteksi 75 %. Suplementasi MBK pada aras 10 % atau lebih menurunkan nisbah asam asetat / asam propionat (A/P). Proteksi asam lemak takjenuh cenderung meningkatkan nisbah A/P pada setiap aras suplementasi. Nisbah A/P cenderung meningkat sejalan dengan peningkatan aras proteksi.. Peningkatan aras suplementasi MBK menurunkan derajat kejenuhan asam lemak ruminal. Proteksi pada semua aras suplementasi MBK menurunkan derajat keje-nuhan asam lemak ruminal. Derajat kejenuhan makin rendah sejalan makin tingginya aras proteksi. Suplementasi MBK meningkatkan proporsi asam linoleat. Makin tinggi aras su -plemntasi MBK (sampai 15 %), proporsi asam linoleat makin tinggi. Proteksi suplemen MBK meningkatkan proporsi asam linoleat pada setiap aras suplementasi. Proporsi asam linoleat pada kelompok percobaan suplementasi MBK 10 dan 15 % yang dikombinasi dengan proteksi pada aras 50 — 100 %, menghasilkan nilai rata-rata yang tinggi (42 — 45 %), dengan nilai tertinggi ditunjukkan pada kombinasi perlakuan suplementasi MBK 15 % dengan aras proteksi 75%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, Kombinasi perlakuan suplementasi MBK pada aras 10 % dengan aras proteksi 75 % merupakan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik untuk diterapkan dalam penelitian lebih lanjut secara in vivo .