Rahmanto, W.H. and Triatmo MA, Mudji and Gunawan, Gunawan (2002) DAUR-ULANG PERAK BUANGAN DALAM LIMBAH LABORATORIUM KlMIA DAN FOTOGRAFI. Documentation. FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM.
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Abstract
This work is a carry-over of our previous experimental effort on silver recycling from Kariadi Hospital "Rontgen" photographic wastewater. We have electrolytically deposited the silver from wastewater directly by using electrolysis cell under the controlled external electric po-tential and pH condition. However, our experimental results still not yet satisfied; provide 57,10 % in efficiency and 83,44 % in purity only. Varied brownish-black to gray powdered film was observed as additional products other than metallic silver deposit. Presumably, the thiosulfate matrices were the responsible factor affecting product quality. Through the current experimental examinations, the problems have been overcome. The sil-ver(I) ions was liberated from thiosulfate matrices first, using hydrochloric acid to precipitate the ionic silver as water insoluble chloride salt. Second stage is dissolving silver chloride in ammonia solution, provide the cationic complex of diamine silver, followed by electrolysis under the controlled external electric potential and pH condition. The objectives of our current experimental research is establishing the validity of (1) ionic silver extracting from waste thiosulfate matrices via and precipitating as water insoluble silver chloride and (2) better silver electrodeposition from diamine complex solution as compared than non-complex one. In one of the laboratory experiment, silver-contained Kariadi wastewater has bee electrolyzed, under the 800 — 1,600 mV of external electric potential during 1 hr, directly without any pre-treatment. Electrolytic cell was constructed from 250 mL beaker glass. Two carbon rod ex-tracted from discarded (UM-1/D sized) battery was used as an electrode pair, one of them act as inert anode. Laboratory regulated power supply was equipped with extra voltage and cur-rent regulating circuit before used. The silver-contained wastewater model was electrolyzed in similar manner during 2 hr under the 800 — 2,600 mV variations in other laboratory work. The second silver-contained wastewater laboratory model was electrolyzed after extracting ionic silver and dissolving one as water soluble silver(I) diamine complex. Electrolysis was carried out during 2 hr under the 9.0 — 10.0 range of pH and applied potential of 800 — 2,600 mV. Stock solution of waste model was prepared by dissolving 31.50 g silver nitrate in aquadest, using 250 mL volumetric flask, providing 80 g/L of (All content. The experimental results give an current efficiency average of 84.58 % (1 hr electrolysis) and 82.46 % (2 hr electrolysis) with 91.27 % of silver purity. Our previous experimental work re-porting 57.10 % in average current efficiency and 83.44 % in average silver purity. The oxide or hydroxide of silver has been observed as brownish black and gray side products appeared at the silver deposit surfaces as pH increased above 10.0 and decreased bellow 6.0. The pH condition and external electric potential was the key problems should be further overcome in advanced experimental work. The experimental research is implementing now in the research-based electrochemistry course and our student's final task to giving rise their capability in eleetrochemical concepts con-struction by engaging them in either energy and environmental problems solving under pre-paring batteries master topic. Our experimental results act as data reference and starting points for the student's inquiry.Penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan dart penelitian kami sebelunanya, yakni penanganan air limbah fotografi "Rontgen" RSU Kariadi. Kami telah mengendapkan perak dalam limbah berdasarkan metode elektrolisis langsung, di bawah pengaturan potensial listrik eksternal dan kondisi pH. Akan tetapi, hasilnya masih belum memuaskan, hanya memberikan efisiensi rata-rata 57,10 % dan kemurnian perak 83,44 %. Lapisan tipis menyerupai bubuk dengan warna bervariasi dari hitam kecoklat-coklatan sampai abu-abu teramati pada permukaan katode. Matriks tiosulfat nampaknya merupakan faktor yang bertanggungjawab terhadap kualitas ha-sil pengendapan. Masalah dapat diatasi melalui pengujian eksperimental kami sekarang. Pada tahap tertama ion-ion perak(I) dibebaskan dari pengaruh matriks tiosulfat menggunakan asam klorida untuk mengendapkan perak sebagai garam klorida yang tak larut dalam air. Pada tahap kedua, en-dapan perak klorida dilarutkan dalam larutan amonia, menghasilkan kompleks kationik perak diamina, dilanjutkan dengan elelctrolisis di bawah kntrol potensial listrik eksternal dan kondisi pH. Penelitian eksperimental dilaksanakan dengan tujuan menguji validitas (I) pembebasan perak dari pengaruh matriks tiosulfat melalui pengendapan sebagai perak Honda yang tak tarot da-lam air dan (2) pengendapan elektrolitik perak dari lartdan kompleks diamine yang diharap-kan lebih balk dibanding pengendapan dari larutan ionik bukan-kompleks amina. Melalui salah satu eksperimen di laboratorium, air limbah Kariadi berisi perak ionik dielek-trolisis langsung tanpa perlakuan sebelumnya, di bawah potensial 800 — 1.600 mV selama 1 jam. Sel elektrolisis dikonstruksikan dari gelas piala 250 nth dan sepasang karbon yang diam-bil dad baterai (ukuran UM-1/D) buangan. Salah satu batang karbon difungsikan sebagai an-ode inert. Pencatu daya listrik skala laboratorium diperlengkapi dengan tambahan rangkaian pengatur arus dan potensial sebelum digunakan. Limbah model dielektrolisis dengan cara se-rupa selama 2 jam di bawah variasi potensial 800 — 2.600 mV. Dua kelompok limbah model berikutnya dielektrolisis terpisah, masing-masing selama 1 dan 2 jam, setelah pengendapan dan pelarutan kembali terlebih. Elekhufisis dijalankan dengan rentang kondisi pH 9,0 — 10,0 dan variasi potensial 800 — 2.600 mV. Larutan stok yang berfungsi sebagai limbah model dibuat dengan cam melarutkan 31,50 g perak nitrat ke dalam akuabides memakai labu takar 250 mL supaya menghasilkan larutan dengan konsentrasi [Ag-t] sebesar 80 g/L. Hasil eksperimen memnunjukkan efisiensi elektrolisis rata-rata setinggi 84,58 % (elektroLisis 1 jam) dan 82,46 % (elektrolisis 2 jam) dengan kemurnian perak rata-rata 91,27 %. Penelitian eksperimental sebelumnya hanya memberikan efisiensi rata-rata setinggi 57,10 % dengan ke-murnian rata-rata 83,44 %. Ilasil samping berupa oksida atau mungkin hidroksida perak den-gan variasi warna dari hitam kecoklat-coklatan sampai abu-abu masih teramati muncul di permukaan katode begitu pH dinaikkan sampai melebihi 10,0 dan diturunkan sampai di bawah 6,0. Kondisi pH dan potensial listrik eksternal merupakan masalah kunci yang hams diatasi melalui upaya eksperimental lanjut Riset eksperimental sedang diimplementasikan ke dalam perkuliahan elektrokimia berbasis riseet dan tugas akhir mahasiswa untuk membekali mereka dengan kemampuan mengkon-struksikan konsep-konsep elektrokimia, via keterlibatan dalam menyelesaikan masalah energi dan lingkungan bertopik induk pembuatan baterai. Hasil-hasil penelitian eksperimental karni berfungsi sebagai referensi data dan titik awal bagi inkuiri mahasiswa
Item Type: | Monograph (Documentation) |
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Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Mathematics > Department of Chemistry |
ID Code: | 20989 |
Deposited By: | Mr UPT Perpus 5 |
Deposited On: | 25 Aug 2010 09:27 |
Last Modified: | 25 Aug 2010 09:27 |
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