ANALISIS EFEK HALL PADA BAHAN PENGHANTAR LISTRIK

Abstract

Hall Effect experiments on electric conductor materials, silver and tungsten metals, have been carried out at room temperature using Leybold's Hall Effect apparatus. From this experiments give following result : Hull constant, RH' and carrier concentration, n, of both silve? and tungsten samples, these values are in a good agreement with the results extracted from earlier experiments by other persons. And the negative values of RH , indicates negative charge carries in metals. This can be explained by "energy band theory". If one places a conductor carrying acurrent I in a transverse magnetic field induction B, an electric field will be induced in the direction normal to both I and B, known as Hall effect. The Hall potential VH to rise proportional with current I and megnetic field B given by the equation : V = const. B I (1) The theoretically,derived formula for Hall potential VH in the conductor (of thickness d) is 1 1 B I H n e d with n the charge carrier concentration. The material-dependent factor (1/ne) is designated as Hall constant R In equation (2) all quantities except n are accessible to measurement so that the Hall effect enables the charge carrier concentration to be determined by experiment. In these experiments, Hall effect, using Leybold's Hall effect apparatus with silver and tungsten metals as samples. The potential Hall VH record for magnetic field B constant on the current I to variation. With linear regression, applied to equation (2) we get the Hall constant RH and from these value the charge carrier concentration can be determined. From these experiments given results : R • = - (8,52 ± 0,08) 10-11 m3 C-1 n = (7,19 ± 0,07) 10" II1-3 and R • = - (15,58 ± 0,07) 10-11 ma C-1 n = (3,97 ± 0,02) len m 3 for silver metal for tungsten metal These values are in a good agreement with the results extracted from earlier experiments by other persons. For silver and tungsten metals, the Hall constant RH determined in practice its negative value; indicating that majority charge carrier two both silver and tungsten metals is electron. This can be explained by 'energy band theory'. Telah dilakukan percobaan Effek Hall pada bahan penghantar listrik, logam perak dan logam tungsten, pada suhu kamar dengan menggunakan peralatan Effek Hall buatan Leybold Jarman, Dari percobaan diperoleh bahwa konstanta Hall, RH, dan konsentrasi pembawa muatan listrik, n, mempunyai nilai yang yang sesuai dengan hasilpercobaan yang dilakukan oleh orang lain sebelumnya untuk kedua sampel tersebut. Dan nilai negatip pada tetapan Hall RH yang diperoleh, untuk logam perak dan logam tungsten, mehunjukan bahwa mayoritas pembawa muatan listrik dalam kedua logam tersebut adalah elektron. Hal ini dapat dijelaskan melalui 'teori pita tenaga". Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukan persesuaian dengan hasil percobaan yang dilakukan oleh orang lain. Untuk logam perak dan tungsten, tetapan Hall. RH yang diperoleh mempunyai nilai yang negatip; ini berarti mayoritas pembawa muatan listrik dalam kedua logam tersebut adalah elektron. Hal ini dapat dijelaskan melalui 'teori pita tenaga*.