PENGARUH EKSTRAK Andrographis paniculata(SAMBILOTO) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS HEPAR PADA TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIBERI PARASETAMOL

Abstract

The Effect of Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto) Extract to The Histopathological Appearance of Wistar Rat’s Hepar Which Were Induced by Paracetamol Sari Rahayu Dwi Utami * , M. Masjhoer ** Background : Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto) contain andrographolide as the major active substance. Sambiloto was reported could protect liver damage by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increasing the level of glutathione, and decreasing the activity of lipid peroxidase. Paracetamol hepatotoxicity is dose dependent. In very high dose, the toxic reactive of paracetamol metabolites binds to protein components of hepatocytes and results hepar injury especially around V. Sentralis as a place of paracetamol metabolism. The objective of this experiment was to find out the effect of sambiloto’s extract to the histopathological appearance of Wistar rat’s hepar which were induced by paracetamol. Method : This experimental study with post test only control group design, used 20 Wistar male rats which were divided into 4 groups. Group K1 received only standard food. Group K2 received paracetamol 1350 mg/KgBW on the 8th day. Group K3 received sambiloto’s extract 500 mg/KgBW on the 1st – 7th day and received paracetamol on the 8th day. Group K4 received paracetamol on the 8th day and sambiloto’s extract on the 8th – 10th day. All groups were terminated on the 10th day and the histopathological appearance were examined. Results : Outcome of Kruskal-Wallis test in parenchymatous degeneration p=0,126, hydropic degeneration p=0,002, hepatocellular necrotic p=0,008. Outcome of Mann-Whitney test in hydropic degeneration were K1-K2 (p=0,005), K2–K3 (p=0,169), K2-K4 (p=0,008), K3-K4 (p=0,026). Outcome of Mann-Whitney test in hepatocellular necrotic were K1-K2 (p=0,005), K2-K3 (p=0,066), K2-K4 (p=0,026), and K3-K4 (p=0,829). The result showed significant differences if p<0,05. Conclusion : Administration of sambiloto’s extract orally in this experiment, could minimize Wistar rat’s liver damage especially in hydropic degeneration and hepatocellular necrotic due to paracetamol hepatotoxicity. Keywords : Histopathological appearance of hepar, paracetamol, sambiloto Pengaruh Ekstrak Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologis Hepar Pada Tikus Wistar Yang Diberi Parasetamol Sari Rahayu Dwi Utami * , M. Masjhoer ** Latar Belakang : Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto) mengandung andrografolid sebagai zat aktif utama. Sambiloto dilaporkan dapat mencegah kerusakan hepar dengan cara meningkatkan aktivitas enzim antioksidan, meningkatkan jumlah glutathion, dan menurunkan aktivitas enzim lipid peroksidase. Hepatotoksisitas parasetamol adalah tergantung dosis. Pada dosis yang sangat tinggi, metabolit parasetamol yang reaktif toksik akan berikatan dengan komponen protein sel hepar sehingga mengakibatkan kerusakan sel hepar terutama di sekitar V.Sentralis yang merupakan tempat metabolisme parasetamol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak sambiloto terhadap gambaran histopatologis hepar tikus Wistar yang diberi parasetamol. Metode : Penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design, menggunakan sampel 20 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok K1 hanya diberi pakan standar. Kelompok K2 diberi parasetamol 1350 mg/KgBB pada hari ke-8. Kelompok K3 diberi ekstrak sambiloto 500 mg/KgBB pada hari ke 1 – 7 dan diberi parasetamol pada hari ke-8. Kelompok K4 diberi parasetamol pada hari ke-8 dan ekstrak sambiloto pada hari ke 8 – 10. Pada hari ke 10 dilakukan terminasi dan diperiksa gambaran histopatologis hepar tikus tersebut. Hasil : Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis terhadap persentase jumlah sel yang mengalami degenerasi parenkim p=0,126, degenerasi hidropik p=0,002, nekrosis p=0,008. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney terhadap sel yang mengalami degenerasi hidropik adalah K1-K2 (p=0,005), K2-K3 (p=0,169), K2-K4 (p=0,008), K3-K4 (p=0,026). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney terhadap sel yang mengalami nekrosis adalah K1-K2 (p=0,005), K2-K3 (p=0,066), K2-K4 (p=0,026), K3-K4 (p=0,829). Hasil menunjukan perbedaan bermakna jika p<0,05. Kesimpulan : Pemberian ekstrak sambiloto peroral pada penelitian ini, dapat mengurangi kerusakan sel hepar tikus Wistar khususnya degenerasi hidropik dan nekrosis akibat pemberian parasetamol dosis toksik. Kata kunci : gambaran histopatologis hepar, parasetamol, sambiloto