ANALISIS TINGKAT KEBERDAYAAN PENGOLAH IKAN YANG BERORIENTASI PASAR (Studi Empiris di Kota Tegal)

Abstract

Awareness on the needs for animal proteins has caused improvement in demand toward fishery supply. However, the production of manufacture fishes can only provide 23 to 47 % of the total numbers of demand, in which most of the production is derived from traditional manufacture technique. Traditional manufacture deals with simple equipments, low rate of sanitation and hygiene, and lack of capital aspects. These characteristics do not support market expansion so that the market segment is limited. The Municipality of Tegal is one of regions with promising potentials in fishery products manufacturing. They has good prospect toward sustainability and optimum of the fishery industries. This study had purposes to identify the empowerment of the market oriented fishery manufacturers from economic and non-economic viewpoints; to obtain R/C Ratio; to find food safety rate; to analyze customers perception on the products the market demands; and to formulate strategies of fishery manufactures empowerment. Data used for the research consisted of primary and secondary data. They were obtained by questioner distribution, interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The study got the samples from a Multistages Sampling technique on salted fish (30), smoked fish (25), and filleted fish (25) industries. The analysis of the data applied descriptive qualitative and quantitative statistical methods. Identification of empowerment of the fishery manufacturers reported that most of the manufactures were still powerless. The manufacturers lacked of business access or credit (56,25%), own capital ( 75%), own capital decision (88,75%), demand information from the buyers or customers (70%) and cooperative offer from private sectors (52%). Most of business sites operated in traditional manner as they were inherited from the ancestors (65%), and education (57,5%). Most of them also lack of lobbying capacity and had difficulties to grab stakeholders. The most sophisticated business, which earned the highest return in the region was salted fish industry. Sample testing reported that no product consisted of either formalin or borax. The study also highlighted that customers expected safety and quality insurance on manufactured fishery products they consumed. Empowerment strategy in fishery manufacture industry in the Municipality of Tegal would be as the followings: good cooperation with concerned aparties to get capital accesses, market information, sales promotion, technological innovation, networking, and to improve education, training, facilitation, advisory control and surveillance. Peningkatan kesadaran akan kebutuhan protein hewani, berdampak pada peningkatan permintaan (demand) terhadap ketersediaan (supply) ikan. Namun produksi ikan yang diolah baru sekitar 23-47%, dan dari jumlah tersebut sebagian besar merupakan jenis pengolahan tradisional, yang notabene-nya masih dilakukan dengan peralatan sederhana, tingkat sanitasi dan higiene rendah, permodalan lemah sehingga segmen pasar kurang berkembang. Kota Tegal merupakan salah satu sentra pengolahan hasil perikanan yang memiliki potensi sumberdaya perikanan untuk dikembangkan sehingga perlu diberdayakan agar bisa dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan berkelanjutan (Sustainability). Tujuan dari penelitian ini, antara lain: mengidentifikasi tingkat keberdayaan pengolah ikan berorientasi pasar dilihat dari aspek ekonomi dan nonekonomi; mengkaji R/C Ratio; mengkaji tingkat keamanan pangan (penggunaan BTM); menkaji persepsi konsumen terhadap produk yang diminati pasar; dan merumuskan strategi pemberdayaan pengolah ikan. Jenis data berupa data primer dan sekunder, yang diperoleh dengan metode kuesioner, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan Multistages Sampling terhadap pengolah ikan asin (30), ikan asap (25), dan fillet ikan (25). Analisa data Statistic Diskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil identifikasi terhadap tingkat keberdayaan pengolah ikan adalah sebagian besar usaha mereka masih kurang berdaya, dilihat dari masih kurangnya kemampuan dalam memperoleh akses usaha/kredit (56,25%), modal sendiri (75%), keputusan usaha sendiri (88,75%) informasi permintaan dari pembeli (70%) dan penawaran dari swasta (52%), usahanya masih tradisional dan turuntemurun (65%), penyuluhan (57,5%), kemampuan lobbying rendah, serta kurangnya peran stakeholder. Usaha yang mempunyai R/C Ratio paling tinggi adalah pengolah ikan asin. Dari hasil uji sampel produk, tidak terbukti penggunaan formalin dan boraks. Konsumen mengharapkan adanya jaminan mutu keamanan pangan terhadap produk olahan ikan. Strategi pemberdayaan dalam meningkatkan usaha pengolah ikan di Kota Tegal, antara lain: kerjasama dengan pihak terkait dalam membuka akses modal, informasi pasar, promosi pemasaran, inovasi teknologi, networking, dan meningkatkan pendidikan, pelatihan, penyuluhan, usaha binaan, serta pengawasan.