FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN BATU SALURAN KEMIH PADA LAKI-LAKI (Studi Kasus di RS Dr. Kariadi, RS Roemani dan RSI Sultan Agung Semarang)

Abstract

Background: Urinary Stone Disease also called urolithiasis had sever from human since 4800 before century. Urolithiasis relapse value during one years 15-17%, during 4-5 years was 50%, 10 years was 75% and 95-100% during 20-25 years. Urolithiasis causes mild stadium pain until uremia syndrome and kidney function disturbance, severe consequences may provoke to death. Urolithiasis on male 3-4 higher than on female. Its formation was influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Objective: This study has objective to provide intrinsic and extrinsic as risk factors occurrence of urolithiasis on male. Method: This was an observational research type with case control design. Location set on Kariadi, Roemani and Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital. The number of samples are 44 cases and 44 controls. Data analyzing was performed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression method by program of SPSS version 11.5. Results: Risk factors of urolithiasis are inadequate drink (OR adjusted = 7.009; 95%CI: 1.969-24.994), holding urinary habit (OR adjusted = 5.954; 95%CI: 1.919- 18.469), high protein diet (OR adjusted = 3.962; 95%CI: 1.200-13.082), sit too long while working (OR adjusted = 3.154; 95%CI: 1.007-9.971). Conclution that drawn from this study : male whom sit too long while working, with habit like to hold urinary, inadequate drinking and having protein diet, having high probability to experience urolithiasis occurrence by 97.05%. Suggested: Based on such conclution, it is suggested to drink 2-2.5 litres (about 8- 10 glasses) a day and important to drink 250 ml fresh water before get sleep at night, avoid to hold urinary, consume adequate protein, avoid sit too long while working and interlude it by stand up and walking around. Latar belakang: Batu Saluran Kemih (BSK) sudah diderita manusia sejak 4800 tahun sebelum Masehi. Angka kekambuhan BSK dalam satu tahun 15-17%, 4-5 tahun 50%, 10 tahun 75% dan 95-100% dalam 20-25 tahun. BSK menimbulkan nyeri stadium ringan sampai timbul sindroma uremia dan gangguan fungsi ginjal, keadaan lanjut dapat mengakibatkan kematian. BSK Laki-laki 3-4 kali lebih tinggi daripada wanita. Pembentukan BSK dipengaruhi faktor Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik. Tujuan: membuktikan faktor risiko intrinsik dan ekstrinsik sebagai faktor risiko kejadian BSK pada laki-laki. Metode: Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Lokasi penelitian di RS Dr. Kariadi, RS Roemani dan RSI Sultan Agung. Jumlah responden sebanyak 44 kasus dan 44 kontrol. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan metode regresi logistik berganda dengan program SPSS versi 11,5. Hasil: Faktor-faktor risiko kejadian batu saluran kemih yang terbukti signifikan adalah kurang minum (OR adjusted=7,009; 95%CI: 1,969-24,944), kebiasaan menahan buang air kemih (OR adjusted=5,954; 95%CI: 1,919-18,469), diet tinggi protein (OR adjusted=3,962; 95%CI: 1,200-13,082), duduk lama saat bekerja (OR adjusted= 3,154; 95%CI: 1,007-9,871). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini : laki-laki yang duduk lama saat bekerja, dengan kebiasaan menahan buang air kemih, kurang minum dan diet tinggi protein memiliki probabilitas untuk mengalami kejadian batu saluran kemih sebesar 97,05%. Saran: minum 2-2,5 liter (±8-10 gelas) sehari dan penting untuk minum 250 ml air sebelum tidur, tidak membiasakan menahan Buang Air Kemih (BAK), tidak berlebihan mengkonsumsi protein hewani, tidak duduk terus menerus selama bekerja tetapi diselingi berdiri dan berjalan.