PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA (STUDI KASUS DI SAMPANGAN DAN JOMBLANG, KOTA SEMARANG)

Abstract

The production of household waste keeps increasing due to the increases in population and consumption. The steps that should be taken for dealing this increase in waste volumes by reducing the waste volumes from their sources through community development. This research, on community-based waste management in Sampangan and Jomblang, Semarang City, was intended to: (1) get some insights on the plans and the community-based management on wastes, (2) inventory both the challenges and the future prospects in managing the household wastes (3) propose some new ways for implementing the community-based waste management This was a descriptive-qualitative research describing the phenomena occurring directly in the research areas. The needed data were collected by interviews, questionnaires, observations and document readings. The analyses on the data were descriptive-qualitative in nature The analyses concluded that the community-based waste management in Sampangan and Jomblang had been able to reduce the household wastes disposed to TPA (Final Disposal of Wastes). This reduction, however, had not been optimally implemented both in terms of separating of organic from inorganic wastes and of converting organic wastes to compos due to the limited means and infrastructures. The composition of wastes accumulated in Jomblang consisted of organic wastes (50.75%), plastic waste (17.14%), paper wastes (19.42%) and glass & metal wastes (12.70%), while those in Sampangan consisted of organic wastes (49.52%), plastic waste (18.06%), paper wastes (19.29%) and glass & metal wastes (12.52%). Organic wastes exploited to compos would certainly reduce the accumulation of the wastes and the environmental burdens. Meanwhile, the separation of organic from inorganic wastes would not only reduce the waste accumulation but would also produce additional income for the households Based on the above analyses, some recommendations could be forwarded. (1) The local government should make conduct more socialization to the communities concerning the proper waste managements (2) There should be a waste management based on a principle of 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) where the APL (Alam Pesona Lestari or Green Natural Fascination) manager is hoped to save some of its his/her profits to help providing the means and infrastructures needed for managing the wastes. (3) The APL manager should also help facilitating the households in marketing the compos in order to add their income Produksi sampah rumah tangga setiap hari semakin meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah produk dan pola konsumsi masyarakat. Hal yang harus dilakukan untuk mengatasi paningkatan volume sampah tersebut adalah dengan cara: mengurangi volume sampah dari sumbernya melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian tentang pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat di Sampangan dan Jomblang Kota Semarang bertujuan untuk: (1) memperoleh gambaran proses perencanaan dan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga berbasis masyarakat, (2) menginventarisir tantangan dan peluang dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, (3) mengajukan usulan pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang bermaksud mendeskripsikan fenomena yang terjadi dilokasi penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, kuesioner, observasi dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga yang berbasis masyarakat di Sampangan dan Jomblang dapat mereduksi timbulan sampah yang dibuang ke TPA, namun belum optimal dilaksanakan baik dalam pemilahan dan atau dalam pengomposan karena keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana. Komposisi timbulan sampah di Jomblang terdiri dari: sampah organik 50.75%, plastik 17.14%, kertas 19.42%, kaca/logam 12,70%, sedangkan di Sampangan terdiri dari: sampah organik 49.52%, Plastik 18.06%, kertas 19.29%, kaca/logam 12,52 %. Sampah organik yang dimanfaatkan menjadi kompos akan mengurangi timbulan sampah maupun mengurangi beban lingkungan, sedangkan hasil pemilahan selain dapat mengurangi timbulan sampah juga dapat dijual atau dikelola sehingga dapat menambah pendapatan. Saran berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diberikan sebagai berikut: (1) Pemerintah perlu lebih banyak mengadakan sosialisasi tentang pengelolaan sampah. (2) Pengelolaan sampah dengan prinsip 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle), dimana pengurus APL diharapkan dapat menyisihkan keuntungan untuk membantu penyediaan sarana dan prasarana yang diperlukan warga dalam mengelola sampah. (3) Pengurus APL (Alam Pesona Lestari) seyogyanya dapat memfasilitasi warga dalam pemasaran kompos yang sudah jadi sehinga dapat menambah pendapatan.