FAKTOR – FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN FISIK RUMAH YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA ANAK BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KAWUNGANTEN KABUPATEN CILACAP

Abstract

Pneumonia constitutes the greatest disease causing death of children and advanced ages in the world. In 2006 the occurrence of pneumonia in Cilacap Regency was 2,594 cases, greater than the occurrence of 2,398 cases in the previous year. Pneumonia is found in the greatest number within the Community Health Centre Working Area of Kawunganten by 741 cases. The objective of the study was to analyze the correlation between factors of house physical environment and the occurrence of pneumonia on children under five within the Community Health Centre (Puskesmas) working area of Kawunganten in Cilacap Regency. This study was a case-control with retrospective study method. The case group consisted of 54 respondents and the control group comprises of 54 respondents. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate of Chi Square, the level of risks by Odd ratio, and the significance of correlation between dependent and independent variables by Logistic Regression (multivariate). The results showed that: 1) the type of floor correlated with the occurrence of pneumonia (p = 0.001; OR = 3.9; CI 95%), 2) the condition of partition correlates with the occurrence of pneumonia (p = 0.013; OR = 2.9; CI 95%), 3) the size of ventilation correlates with the occurrence of pneumonia (p = 0.001; OR = 6.3; CI 95%), 4) the level of occupation density correlates with the occurrence of pneumonia (p = 0.028; OR = 2.7; CI 95%), 5) the humidity correlates with the occurrence of pneumonia (p = 0.019; OR = 2.8; CI 95%, 6) the use of sort of wood for fuel correlates with the occurrence of pneumonia (p = 0.011; OR = 2.8; CI 95%), 7) the smoking habits of respondents’ family members correlates with the occurrence of pneumonia (p = 0.022; OR = 2.7; CI 95%). The conclusion is that the type of floor, condition of partition, size of ventilation, level of occupation density, level of humidity, use of sort of wood for fuel, and smoking habits of the family members have significant correlation with the occurrence of pneumonia. Pneumonia masih menjadi penyakit terbesar penyebab kematian anak dan juga penyebab kematian pada banyak kaum lanjut usia di dunia. Kejadian Pneumonia tahun 2006 di Kabupaten Cilacap ditemukan sebanyak 2.594 kasus, mengalami peningkatan bila dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya yang mencapai 2.398 kasus. Masalah penyakit Penumonia paling banyak terjadi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kawunganten, yaitu ditemukan 741 kasus. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dengan kejadian pneumonia pada anak balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kawunganten Kabupaten Cilacap. Penelitian ini merupakan kasus-kontrol dengan metode retrospective study. Kelompok kasus sebanyak 54 responden dan kelompok kontrol 54 responden. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan Chi Square dan besarnya resiko dengan Odd Ratio serta analisis multivariat untuk mengetahui kemaknaan hubungan (p) variabel bebas secara bersama-sama dengan variabel terikat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian : 1) Ada hubungan antara jenis lantai dengan kejadian pneumonia (p=0,001; OR = 3,9; CI 95%), 2) Kondisi dinding rumah (p = 0,013; OR = 2,9; CI 95%), 3) Ventilasi rumah (p=0,001; OR = 6,3; CI 95%), 4) Tingkat kepadatan hunian (p=0,028; OR = 2,7; CI 95%), 5) Tingkat kelembaban (p=0,019; OR = 2,8; CI 95%), 6) Penggunaan jenis bahan bakar kayu (p=0,011; OR = 2,8; CI 95%), 7) Kebiasaan anggota keluarga responden yang merokok (p= 0,022; OR = 2,7; CI 95%). Hasil analisis multivariat: 1). Ada hubungan antara jenis lantai dengan kejadian pneumonia OR = 6,19; 2). Kondisi dinding rumah OR = 3,59; 3). Luas ventilasi rumah OR = 5,99; 4). Kebiasaan merokok OR = 5,48 Kesimpulan hasil penelitian: jenis lantai, kondisi dinding rumah, luas ventilasi rumah, tingkat kepadatan hunian, tingkat kelembaban, penggunaan jenis bahan bakar kayu dan kebiasaan anggota keluarga yang merokok mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia.