FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO KUALITAS PENGELOLAAN VAKSIN PROGRAM IMUNISASI YANG BURUK DI UNIT PELAYANAN SWASTA ( Studi Kasus di Kota Semarang)

KRISTINI , TRI DEWI (2008) FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO KUALITAS PENGELOLAAN VAKSIN PROGRAM IMUNISASI YANG BURUK DI UNIT PELAYANAN SWASTA ( Studi Kasus di Kota Semarang). Masters thesis, Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro.

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Abstract

Background. Vaccines are sensitive biological substances, meanwhile, lose their potency especially when exposed to heat, sunlight, in some cases when cold. Once potency has been lost, it cannot be restored. To provide protection against disease, vaccines need to be distributed, stored and an administered at recommended temperature. Vaccine management is part of quality of service. The indicator quality of good vaccine management is marked with vaccine temperature at 2-8oC, there is no damage vaccine and past vaccine expiration date. Private sector service has contribution to program coverage, but vaccine monitoring cannot be done an optimal. The investigation result of diphtheria out break in 2005-2006 at group of age < 10 most of them get immunization in private sector service. Purpose. To identify the risk factors that influencing the quality of vaccine management in private sector service. Method. Research design is cross sectional, number of samples 138 unit. Collecting data using an interview, observation and measurement of refrigerator temperature by officer that have been trained. Focus Group Discussion done to get addition of information to clarify data analysis. Data analysis with bivariate and multivariate applies logistics regression. Result. Quality of management of ugly vaccine there is in 84 unit ( 60,9%), refrigerator temperature > 8oC there is in 72 unit ( 52,2%), VVM C is found in 31 unit ( 22,5%), freeze vaccine is found in 15 unit ( 10,9%) and past vaccine expiration date is found in 6 unit ( 4,5%). The risk factors associated with of quality vaccine management are: no available guidance of vaccine ( p=0,001, PR = 20,5, 95% CI= 3,43-13,41); less knowledge of officer ( p=0,001, PR = 31,6; 95% CI=4,04-25,6); refrigerator isn’t for vaccine storage ( p=0,001, PR = 18,5 95% CI=3,20-16,56; no available thermometer ( p=0,03, PR=13,6 95% CI= 2,39-17,44); mistake vaccine transportation ( p=0,007; PR=9,4% CI= 1,85-17,82) and less commitment of officer at the same time is owner ( p=0,045; PR=4,70 95% CI= 1,04-21,36) Conclusion. The risk factors associated with of quality vaccine management covers: available of guidance, less knowledge, no available refrigerator for vaccine, no available of thermometer, mistake vaccine transportation and less commitment of officer at the same is owner . Suggestion. Vaccine management is indivisible part in service of immunization. Every service sector has to manage the vaccine according to guidance as an effort to increase in quality of immunization service Latar Belakang. Vaksin merupakan produk biologis yang rentan dan mudah rusak. Suatu ketika potensi vaksin akan hilang terutama bila terpapar oleh panas, sinar matahari dan beberapa kasus terpapar suhu dingin. Sekali potensi hilang, tidak dapat diperbaiki. Pengelolaan vaksin merupakan bagian dari kualitas pelayanan. Indikator kualitas pengelolaan vaksin yang baik ditandai dengan suhu vaksin yang terjaga 2-8oC, tidak ada vaksin rusak dan belum melampui tanggal kadaluwarsa. Unit pelayanan swasta mempunyai kontribusi terhadap cakupan program, namun monitoring kualitas vaksin belum dilaksanakan secara optimal. Hasil investigasi KLB PD3I difteri tahun 2005-2006 pada kelompok umur < 10 th sebagian besar telah mendapatkan imunisasi di unit pelayanan swasta (UPS). Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi kualitas pengelolaan vaksin program imunisasi di unit pelayanan swasta. Metode. Design penelitian adalah cross sectional, jumlah sampel sebanyak 138 UPS. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, pengamatan dan pengukuran suhu lemari es oleh petugas yang sudah dilatih. Focus Group Discusion dilakukan untuk mendapatkan tambahan informasi guna memperjelas analisis data. Analisis data dengan bivariat dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil. Kualitas pengelolaan vaksin yang buruk terdapat di 84 UPS (60.9%), suhu lemari es >8oC terdapat di 72 UPS (52,2%), VVM C ditemukan di 31 UPS (22,5%), vaksin beku ditemukan di 15 UPS (10,9%) dan vaksin kadaluwarsa ditemukan di 6 UPS (4,5%). Variabel yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pengelolaan vaksin adalah: tidak tersedia pedoman pengelolaan vaksin (p=0,001, PR =20,5, 95% CI= 3,43-13,41); pengetahuan petugas yang kurang (p=0,001, PR =31,6; 95% CI=4,04-25,6); fungsi lemari es tidak khusus menyimpan vaksin (p=0,001, PR =18,5 95% CI=3,20-16,56; tidak ada termometer (p=0,03, PR=13,6 95% CI= 2,39-17,44); cara membawa vaksin yang salah (p=0,007; PR=9,4% CI= 1,85-17,82) dan komitmen petugas sekaligus pemilik yang kurang (p=0,045; PR=4,70 95% CI= 1,04-21,36) Kesimpulan. Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pengelolaan vaksin meliputi: tidak tersedia pedoman, pengetahuan petugas yang kurang, fungsi lemari es tidak khusus menyimpan vaksin, tidak tersedia termometer, cara membawa vaksin yang salah dan komitmen petugas sekaligus pemilik UPS yang kurang. Saran. Pengelolaan vaksin merupakan bagian tak terpisahkan dalam pelayanan imunisasi.Setiap unit pelayanan imunisasi harus mengelola vaksin dengan benar sesuai pedoman sebagai upaya meningkatkan mutu pelayanan imunisasi.

Item Type:Thesis (Masters)
Subjects:R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Divisions:School of Postgraduate (mixed) > Master Program in Epidemiology
ID Code:18020
Deposited By:Mr UPT Perpus 1
Deposited On:28 Jul 2010 15:48
Last Modified:28 Jul 2010 15:48

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