MODEL DIVERSIFIKASI USAHA MASYARAKAT PESISIR DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN SERTA KELESTARIAN SUMBER DAYA WILAYAH PESISIR DI KABUPATEN BELU-NTT

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh diversifikasi usaha masyarakat pesisir terhadap kesejahteraan dan kelestarian lingkungan pesisir. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa pesisir Kabupaten Belu, selama 21 bulan, sejak bulan Maret 2006-Oktober 2008, populasi daerah penelitian terdiri dari 25 desa pantai di 6 kecamatan. Sampel masyarakat pesisir sebanyak 200 orang, pengambilan dilakukan dengan metode Stratified Sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder yang dilakukan dengan teknik Observasi, teknik wawancara, teknik dokumentasi. Berdasarkan model yang dikembangkan dari teori yang relevan, maka dilakukan pengujian atas model dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM) berbasis AMOS. Hasil analisis diketahui tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat dan kelestarian lingkungan pesisir sangat ditentukan oleh usaha penangkapan ikan, budidaya ternak dan eksploitasi lingkungan. Hasil analisis lanjutan dengan uji lamda menunjukkan bahwa hanya usaha ternak berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan sedangkan kelestarian lingkungan pesisir dipengaruhi oleh usaha penangkapan ikan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa, pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir belum optimal. Model diversifikasi dapat dijadikan alternatif pengelolaan kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Belu dengan memperbaiki indikator yang mendukung setiap variabel. Model ini diberi nama NATERNELA merupakan model diversifikasi berbasis tiga jenis usaha. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of effort diversification towards coastal community welfare and coastal environment sustainability. This research was done since March 2006 to Oct 2008 at Belu District coastal village. It consisted of 25 coastal villages which are located at 6 sub-districts. Two hundred coastal communities were used as respondent and they were sampled by using Stratified Sampling. Primary data were collected in the field and secondary data were gahered by using observation, interview and documentations techniques. Model that was developed based on relevant theory was tested by using AMOS-based Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results showed that the level of community welfare and sustainability of coastal environment were influenced mainly by fishing activities, livestock cultivation and environment exploitation. The analysis of lambda test showed that only livestock cultivation influences the community welfare, while the coastal environment sustainability was influenced mainly by fishing activities and the level of community welfare. Those results suggested that the utilization of coastal resources is not yet optimal. Diversification model can be used as an alternative for Belu District coastal management by improving support indicator for each variable. This model was called as NATERNELA constitute as a diversification model based on three different efforts (activities).