HUBUNGAN KADAR Pb DALAM DARAH DENGAN PROFIL DARAH PADA MEKANIK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI KOTA PONTIANAK

Abstract

Lead (Pb) constitutes as main pollutant in the air of the cities except sulphur dioxide (SO2), suspended particulate matter, nitrogen oxide (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO). The impacts of lead (Pb) exposure to health are kidney disorder, hypertension, anemia, central nerve disorder, behavioral changes, fertility disorder, miscarriage, child’s IQ decrease, and the obstruction in the formation of hemoglobin. Objective, to find out the correlation between the level of lead (Pb) exposure and the blood profile’s of mechanical workers located in Pontianak City. Method, the research uses cross sectional design with the number of samples 39 people. Independent variable is the level of lead content in blood, while the dependent variable is blood profile and the Confounding variables are health history, intake energy, protein, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin C, the habit of drinking tea, drug use, use of self protective device, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption. Results, the average of blood lead concentration are 1.828 µg/dl, the blood profile catch with the level of haemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, MCV, MCH, MCHC, still in normal limits, variable of blood lead concentration has significant correlation with the level of leucocytes and the level trombocyte p-value 0.034 and 0.022, rho 0.34 and 0.365. Conclusion, the level of lead content in blood which is above normal act as risk factor of decreasing the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Suggestion, it is recommended that the mechanical workers swear the self protective device (masker) while working in the mechanical workers order to reduce the exposure of lead (Pb) from the motor vehicle exhaust and perform regular medical checkup with certain interval (at least once a year). Plumbum merupakan polutan udara utama di udara perkotaan selain sulphur dioksida (SO2), partikulat tersuspensi (suspended particulate matter), nitrogen oksida (NOx ), dan karbon monoksida (CO). Dampak paparan Pb terhadap kesehatan adalah kerusakan ginjal, hipertensi, anemia, kerusakan saraf pusat, perubahan tingkah laku, gangguan fertilitas, keguguran janin, menurunkan IQ anak serta menghambat pembentukan Hemoglobin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan paparan plumbum dalam darah dengan profil darah pada mekanik kendaraan bermotor di Kota Pontianak. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan 39 sampel. Variabel independen penelitian kadar plumbum dalam darah, variabel dependen profil darah dan variabel pengganggu riwayat sakit, intake energi, protein, vitamin B12, asam folat, vitamin C, riwayat sakit, kebiasaan minum teh, pemakaian obat, pemakaian APD, kebiasaan merokok dan konsumsi alkohol. Hasil penelitian didapat rerata kadar Pb darah adalah 1,828 µg/dl profil darah mencakup kadar Hb, hematokrit, eritrosit, MCV, MCH, MCHC masih dalam batas normal, variabel plumbum dalam darah berhubungan dengan kadar leukosit dan trombosit dengan nilai p-value masing-masing 0,034 dan 0,022 dengan nilai rho 0,341 dan rho 0,365. Kesimpulan, kadar plumbum dalam darah di bawah batas normal, hal ini tidak terjadi risiko penurunan kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit. Saran, dalam bekerja sebaiknya mekanik kendaraan bermotor menggunakan APD (masker), membiasakan mencuci tangan setelah selesai bekerja, ventilasi bengkel harus mencukupi, diusahakan menanam pohon di depan bengkel untuk mengurangi paparan plumbum dari gas buang kendaraan bermotor, dan melakukan pemantauan kesehatan secara teratur dengan interval tertentu (minimal 1 tahun sekali).