PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LIKOPEN TERHADAP STATUS ANTIOKSIDAN (VITAMIN C, VITAMIN E DAN GLUTHATHION PEROKSIDASE) TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus galur Sprague Dawley) HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIK

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Stres oksidatif terjadi karena adanya ketidakseimbangan antara oksidan dan antioksidan. Likopen merupakan salah satu satu antioksidan potensial yang berasal dari makanan (eksogen) yang salah satu sumber utamanya adalah buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum). Likopen bekerja di dalam tubuh melalui mekanisme oksidatif dan non oksidatif. Pemberian likopen diharapkan mampu meningkatkan status antioksidan lain yang akan berpengaruh terhadap perbaikan profil lipid dan pencegahan oksidasi LDL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian likopen dosis 0,36; 0,72 dan 1,08 mg terhadap status antioksidan pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus galur Sprague Dawley) hiperkolesterolemik. Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah post test only control group design, pada tikus Sprague Dawley jantan berumur 12 minggu, yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok P0 (kontrol) mendapat diet tinggi lemak tinggi kolesterol (TLTK). Sedangkan P1, P2, dan P3 masing-masing mendapat diet TLTK di tambah likopen 0,36; 0,72 dan 1,08 mg/ekor/hari. Likopen di ekstrak dari buah tomat lokal (Lycopersicon esculentum) varietas Braight Pearl F1, dengan teknik ekstrak TLC (Thin Layer Chromatograph). Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar vitamin C (plasma), vitamin E (serum) dan gluthathion peroksidase/GPx (darah) secara spektofotometri dan enzimatik. Uji hipotesis yang di pakai adalah Anova dan LSD dengan tingkat kepercayaan 5%. Hasil: Semakin tinggi pemberian likopen maka kadar vitamin C dan vitamin E semakin tinggi dibanding dengan kontrol. Uji kadar vitamin C dan E dalam keempat kelompok berbeda bermakna (Anova p=0,00 dan p=0,00). Perbedaan tersebut ternyata sangat bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan baik pada vitamin C maupun E (LSD, p0-1=0,00; p0-2=0,00; p0-3=0,00; p1-2=0,00; p1-3=0,00; p2-3=0,00). Kadar GPx menurun pada kelompok perlakuan dan berbeda bermakna baik dalam maupun antar kelompok perlakuan. Simpulan: Pemberian likopen 0,36; 0,72 dan 1,08 mg/ekor/hari meningkatkan kadar vitamin C dan E pada hewan coba hiperkolesterolemik dan menurunkan kadar GPx. Background: Oxidative stress is caused by imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant. Lycopene represents one of the potential antioxidants from food (exogen), present in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). Lycopene effects the body trough oxidative and non oxidative mechanism. Lycopene is expected to improve other antioxidant status and furthermore will have an effect in lipid profil and prevention oxidation of LDL cholesterol. This study was aimed the effect of lycopene 0,36; 0,72 and 1,08 mg to vitamin C, E and GPx status in hypercholesterolemic rats. Method: Design of study was a post test only with control group randomization of male Sprague Dawley rats, 12 weeks of age, that were divided into 4 groups. Group P0 was a control group with high fat and high cholesterol diet. Group P1, P2, and P3 were given high fat and high cholesterol diet with lycopene 0,36; 0,72 and 1,08 mg/day respectively. Lycopene being used was extracted from local variety Braight Pearl F1 tomatoes with TLC (Thin Layer Chromatograph) technique. Vitamin C and E were assessed by enzymatic technique using serum, while GPx was assessed the same way but using whole blood. This reading used spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using Anova and LSD with degree of confidence set up at 5%. Result: There were a dose effect relationship between lycopene supplementation and blood level of vitamin C and E. There were significant differences between the level of vitamin C and E within groups (Anova p=0,00 dan p=0,00) and between group (LSD, p0-1=0,00; p0-2=0,00; p0-3=0,00; p1-2=0,00; p1-3=0,00; p2-3=0,00). The level of blood GPx went down in all treated groups and the differences were significant within groups and between group. Conclusion: Supplementation 0,36; 0,72 and 1,08 mg lycopene/day increased the level of vitamin C and E in hypercholesterolemic rats but decreased the level of GPx.