TINDAK TUTUR DAN IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN TOKOH WANITA DAN TOKOH LAKI-LAKI DALAM FILM THE SOUND OF MUSIC

Abstract

Communication happens if only all participants obey the conversational principles consisting of cooperative principles and politeness principles. In fact, these principles are flouted and conversational implicatures are resulted. Conversational implicatures have important roles in communication. Communication takes place in a speech community that consists of male and female. Male and female utterances are different. Those conversational implicatures as well as male and female language differences are the topic of this research. The research aims at finding out the conversational implicatures that are resulted from the flouting of conversational principles consisting of cooperative principles and politeness principles. Furthermore, this research tries to discover the speech act differences between female and male characters as it is reflected in the film itself. The theories used in this study are speech act theory stated by Searle (1975), cooperative principles introduced by Grice (1975), politeness principles declared by Leech (1983), and last but not least is the language politeness between women and men acknowledged by Holmes (1995). The research design applied in this study is qualitative since the data of this research are words and utterances instead. Moreover the analyses and the result are not presented in numbers or statistic. In addition, this research is descriptive research as it tries to describe the conversational implicature and the male and female language phenomena. Note taking and observing are two ways of collecting data in this research. The data are 46 conversational fragments in The Sound Of Music which have conversational implicatures since they flout conversational principles. Using heuristic analysis proposed by Leech (1983), the writer found that there are some different implicatures resulted from the flouting of conversational principles consisting of cooperative principles and politeness principles. The Implicatures can be classified into four different types, i.e (1) representatives, namely, (a) informing, (b) refusing, (c) reporting, (d) protecting, (e) pretending, (f) stating jokes, (g) refusing to answer, (h) convincing (i) showing; (2) directives, namely, (a) advising, (b) commanding, (c) flirting, (d) reminding, (e) asking to go; (3) commissives, namely, keeping a secret, (b) trapping, (c) hiding mistake (d) protecting, (e) accepting an offer, (f) threatening, (g) self-defending ; (4) expressives, namely, (a) blaming, (b) mocking, (c) entertaining, (d) calming down, (e) pleasing other. Declarations are not found in this research. Regarding the difference between female and male speech acts, the data analysis shows that there are some differences between them. Female speech acts use question tags as epistemic tag, facilitative tag, and softening tag. On the other hand, male speech acts tend to use question tag as challenging tag. Besides, female speech acts also use pragmatic particle ‘I think’. Regarding to the result of this research, the writer may suggest that research on conversational implicature and language differences between male and female from another movie genre can be conducted.