ANALISIS PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM P2KP DI KOTA SEMARANG ( Studi Kasus Di Kelurahan Purwoyoso Kecamatan Ngaliyan Kota Semarang Tahun 2000 - 2003)

Abstract

The Urban Poverty Project represents one of the Social Safety Net Programs in urban area which aims to overcome the poverty as the impact of economic crisis. The focus of this research is evaluated from the performance of Urban Poverty Project in Purwoyoso Village, Ngaliyan District, Semarang City in the year 2000 - 2003. The performance is evaluated from the relationship of guidance and working capital loans with income and savings as well as the difference between income and savings before and after the program. The data analysis used in this research applies correlative analysis and variable test. From the calculation of the correlation coefficient (r), between the income and guidance, there is a positive correlation as much as 0,9932 which means that the income has a close relationship to guidance. While the determination coefficient (r2) is equal to 0,9864 , which means that the income as much as 98,64% is determined by the guidance value, the rest as much as 1,36% is determined by onother factor. The calculation of correlation coefficient (r), between the income and loan there is a positive correlation as much as 0,9883 which means that the income has a close relationship to loan. The calculation of correlation coefficient (r), between the income and the savings as much as 0,9927 and the determination coefficient (r2) is equal to 0,9855 , which means that the savings as much as 98,55% is determined by the income, while the rest as much as 1,45% is determined by onother factor. The calculation of correlation coefficient (r), between the guidance and the savings has correlation coefficient (r) as much as 0,9997, while the calculation of correlation coefficient (r) between the loan and the savings has correlation value as much as 0,9989. While the determination coefficient (r2) is equal to 0,9534 , which means that the savings as much as 95,34% is determined by the loan , while the rest as much as 1,36% is determined by onother factor. The result from the various test analysis shows that the average monthly income of the program participants after the program undergoes an increase to 76,53% , while the average monthly savings of the program participants undergoes an increase to 95,23%. This shows that there is a good will from the participants to be independent and self-supported in capitalization to manage their own business independently in the future. Accordingly, the success of the Urban Poverty Project to overcome poverty through providing loans can be achieved. To increase more success on Urban Poverty Project to overcome poverty, it is better that the loans should be given to all productive poor society until the participants of the program can really be independent in capitalization. Abstrak : Program P2KP merupakan salah satu program Jaring Pengaman Sosial (JPS) di wilayah perkotaan yang bertujuan untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan akibat dampak krisis ekonomi. Fokus penelitian ini adalah kinerja pelaksanaan Program P2KP di Kelurahan Purwoyoso Kecamatan Ngaliyan Kota Semarang Tahun 2000 – 2003 ditinjau dari hubungan pendampingan dan pinjaman modal dengan Pendapatan Usaha dan Simpanan Usaha, serta perbedaan Pendapatan Usaha dan Simpanan Usaha sebelum dan sesudah program. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi dan uji beda. Dari hasil perhitungan koefisien korelasi (r) antara pendampingan dengan pendapatan usaha, ada korelasi positif sebesar 0,9932 yang berarti bahwa pendapatan usaha mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan pendampingan. Sedang koefisien determinasinya (r2) = 0,9864 , yang artinya bahwa pendapatan usaha sebesar 98,64% ditentukan oleh pendampingan, sisanya 1,36% ditentukan oleh faktor lain. Perhitungan koefisien korelasi (r) antara pinjaman modal dengan pendapatan usaha, ada korelasi positif sebesar 0,9883 yang berarti bahwa pendapatan usaha mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan pinjaman modal. Perhitungan koefisien korelasi (r) antara pendapatan usaha dengan simpanan usaha sebesar 0,9927 dan koefisien determinasinya (r2) =0,9855 , yang artinya bahwa simpanan usaha sebesar 98,55% ditentukan oleh pendapatan usaha, sisanya sebesar 1,45% ditentukan oleh faktor lain. Perhitungan koefisien korelasi antara pendampingan dengan simpanan usaha nilai koefisien korelasinya sebesar 0,9997 sedang perhitungan koefisien korelasi antara pinjaman modal dengan simpanan usaha nilai koefisien korelasinya sebesar 0,9989. Sedang koefisien determinasinya (r2) = 0,9534 , yang artinya bahwa simpanan usaha sebesar 95,34% ditentukan oleh pinjaman modal dan sisanya 4,66% ditentukan oleh faktor lain. Dari hasil analisis uji beda memperlihatkan bahwa pendapatan usaha peserta program rata – rata per bulan sesudah program mengalami perubahan yang meningkat sampai 76,53%, sedang simpanan usaha peserta program rata – rata per bulan sesudah program mengalami perubahan yang meningkat sampai 95,23%, hal ini menunjukkan adanya kemauan dari peserta program berusaha untuk mandiri dalam permodalannya guna mengelola kegiatan usahanya secara mandiri di masa mendatang. Dengan demikian keberhasilan program P2KP dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan melalui pinjaman dana bergulir dapat terwujud. Untuk lebih meningkatkan keberhasilan program P2KP dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan melalui pinjaman dana bergulir sebaiknya diberikan kepada seluruh warga miskin peserta program P2KP sampai benar – benar dapat mandiri dalam permodalannya.