Kajian Dampak Kerusakan Lingkungan Akibat Kegiatan Penambangan Pasir di Daerah Kawasan Gunung Merapi (Studi Kasus di Desa Keningar, Dukun, Magelang, Jawa Tengah)

Abstract

ABSTRAK Pasir merupakan salah satu produk kegiatan Gunung Merapi yang, merupakan andalan pemerintah Kabupaten Magelang dalam meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan juga menyerap lapangan kerja. Selain mendatangkan manfaat penambangan pasir Merapi juga menimbulkan dampak lingkungan bagi daerah di lokasi penambangan dan juga bagi daerah di bawahnya Penelitian kajian dampak kerusakan lingkungan akibat kegiatan penambangan pasir bertujuan untuk mengkaji i) tingkat kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi di lokasi penambangan pasir ii) mengkaji dampak kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi akibat penambangan pasir iii) mengajukan usulan pengelolaan lokasi penambangan pasir. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Keningar kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Magelang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode analisis kuantitatif. Untuk penghitungan tingkat erosi dilakukan dengan rumus USLE sedangkan aspek sosial melakukan wawancara dengan pertanyaan terstruktur yang didukung kuesioner terhadap responden untuk mengetahui pendapat tentang lingkungan sekitar. Selanjutnya dalam rangka menentukan strategi dan kebijakan dalam penyusunan pengelolaan lingkungan penambangan pasir dilakukan analisa SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat erosi di lokasi penambangan pasir adalah moderat dan ringan dan menimbulkan dampak fisik lingkungan seperti tanah longsor, berkurangnya debit air permukaan (mataair), tingginya lalu lintas kendaraan membuat mudah rusaknya jalan, polusi udara, dan dampak sosial ekonomi. Dampak sosial ekonomi penyerapan tenaga kerja karena sebagian masyarakat bekerja menjadi tenaga kerja di penambangan pasir, adanya pemasukan bagi pemilik tanah yang dijual atau disewakan untuk diambil pasirnya dengan harga tinggi, banyaknya pendatang yang ikut menambang sehingga dapat menimbulkan konflik, adanya ketakutan sebagian masyarakat karena penambangan pasir yang berpotensi longsor. Berdasarkan analisis SWOT maka langkah-langkah yang perlu dilakukan untuk menghindari dampak lingkungan adalah dengan memanfaatkan teknologi konservasi lahan dan penegakan hukum melalui peraturan perundangan yang jelas, transparan dan akuntabel serta pelibatan peran aktif masyarakat. Kata Kunci : Penambangan, pasir, alat berat, erosi, kerusakan, Keningar ABSTRACT Sand has been one of volcanic by- products of the Local Government of Magelang Regency in strengthening the Local Income as well as attracting workforces. However, volcanic sand also gives adverse impact to the environment nearby the sand mining and predecessor area. This study was aimed to analyze the environmental damage effect due to the sand mining activities. Scope of the problems dealt with i) rate of environmental damage caused by the sand mining; ii) effect of environmental damage caused by the sand mining; and iii) management proposal of the sand mining location. The study was held in Keningar Sub-district, Dukun District, Magelang Regency. Methods of the study used for this research were qualitative and quantitative analyses, in with USLE formula was used for calculating erosion rate. To find out social aspects, the study performed structural questions interview with effected respondents. By having such technique, the study were capable of composing public opinions of the local people. Finally, in order to determine strategies and policies by means of environmental management plan of the sand mining, the study applied a SWOT analysis. Results of the study showed that the sand mining area had moderate and low erosion rates, leading to physical impacts such as landslide, decrease in water debits, increase in motor vehicle traffic, which caused road damage, air pollution, as well as social- economics matters. Concerning the social – economics impacts, the sand mining activities allowed newly opened job vacancies. The vacancies consisted of sand miners, landlords. Income became more promising for the local people. However, such new phenomenon also resulted in negative effects such as anxiety of the local people to landslide risk due to the activities, and uprising conflict between the local people and visitor workers. According to the SWOT analysis, efforts that should be taken into account for avoiding the environmental impacts are by utilizing land conservation technology and enforcing related legal requirements. In particular to legal enforcements, it can be obtained by promulgating clear, transparent, and accountable regulations and active involvement of the local people. Keywords; mining, sand, heavy duties, erosion, damage, Keningar.