TRANSFORMASI NOVEL REBECCA (1938) KARYA DAPHNE DU MAURIER KE BENTUK FILM REBECCA (1940) KARYA ALFRED HITCHCOCK: ANALISIS EKRANISASI

Abstract

Transformasi dari novel ke film merupakan sebuah karya sastra yang sudah tidak asing lagi dalam masyarakat. Namun, ketika film ditayangkan, penulis novel yang ditransformasi maupun pembaca novel menemui banyak perbedaan. Perbedaan – perbedaan tersebut berupa pengurangan alur, penambahan alur, dan pemberian variasi- variasi. Hal tersebut juga ditemukan pada transformasi novel Rebecca karya Daphne Du Maurier ke film Rebecca karya Alfred Hitchcock yang menjadi objek material penelitian dalam tesis ini. Kreativitas film terhadap novel aslinya disebabkan karena adanya perbedaan yang mendasar antara novel dan film, yakni medium. Jika novel menggunakan medium bahasa, maka film menggunakan medium gambar dan suara. Sehingga, ada peristiwa tertentu yang dapat dimunculkan dengan baik pada novel tetapi tidak dapat dimunculkan pada film, atau sebaliknya. Empat rumusan permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah (1)Kernel dan Satelit novel Rebecca selaku hipogram dari film Rebecca (2)Kernel dan Satelit film Rebecca sebagai hasil transformasi terhadap novel aslinya.(3)Perbedaan khususnya dalam alur cerita, penokohan, dan setting waktu serta tempat yang terdapat dalam film Rebecca berdasarkan novel yang diadaptasi.(4)Perubahan fungsi yang terjadi pada film terhadap novel hipogramnya. Penelitian dibatasi pada perbedaan kernel dan satelit film terhadap novel aslinya sehingga terlihat perbedaan alur film terhadap novel aslinya. Story dan Discourse novel dan film juga ditampilkan pada penelitian ini agar memudahkan pemahaman mengenai kernel dan satelit novel dan film. Selanjutnya, perbedaan alur film tersebut dapat diketahui karena perubahan fungsi yang terjadi. Perubahan fungsi yang menyebabkan perbedaan alur tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori intertekstual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kernel dan satelit film lebih sedikit dibandingkan film karena tuntutan durasi. Kemudian, film banyak memberikan variasi setting waktu dan tempat maupun perubahan berupa penambahan tokoh dan alur sekaligus mengadakan penghilangan tokoh maupun alur yang tidak memberikan peran penting dalam perkembangan penceritaan. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya perubahan fungsi yang menghasilkan perbedaan alur antara novel dan film. Perubahan fungsi tersebut menerapkan prinsip transformasi, haplologi, ekserp, modifikasi, dan ekspansi. Transformation from novel to film is one of the common literary works. The writer of the novel and the readers of the novel, however, face many differences in the film as the result of transformation process.The differences include the reduction of unnecessary plot, the addition of necessary plot, and other variations. These differences are also found at both novel and film Rebecca. The novel written by Daphne Du Maurier while the film produced by Alfred Hitchcock.These two literary works are the object of material in this research. The basic differences between novel and film is that each has its own medium. The medium of film is pictures and musics. Meanwhile, the medium of novel is language. Thus, there could be a certain plot appeared in film but not in novel or vice versa. Four problem formulations which are discussed in this thesis are; (1) Plot is acquired through novel based on kernel and satellite, (2) Plot is acquired through film based on kernel and satellite, (3) The differences especially due to the plot, characters, as well as the setting of time and places existed in the film based on the adapted novel, and (4) The changes of the functions of the film toward the novel as its hipogram. Furthermore; this research is merely limited on the differences of kernel and satellite between novel and film. Story and Discourse of both novel and film are performed to enable readers’ comprehension. Eventually, the various changes of the function lead to the differences in plot. These changes of the function lead to the differences are analyzed by making use of intertextuality theory. The result of this research indicates that the number of kernel and satellite of film is fewer than the one of novel. It happens because of the limited duration of the time. Eventually, there are many variations of setting of time, of place, and of participants. Next, the final result of this research is that there are several changes of function which lead to the differences both in novel and film. The changes of the function can be transformation, haplology, ekserp, modification, and expansion.